27.19. S http://www.ck12.org
the power of the coefficient of the ion in the equation.
solute
The dissolved particles in a solution.
solution
A homogeneous mixture consisting of a solute dissolved into a solvent.
solution equilibrium
The physical state described by the opposing processes of dissolution and recrystallization occurring at the
same rate.
solvation
A process in which individual ions are surrounded by solvent particles after dissolving.
solvent
The dissolving medium of a solution.
specific heat
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
specific rate constant
A proportionality constant relating the rate of a reaction to the concentrations of reactants.
spectator ion
An ion that does not take part in the chemical reaction and is found in solution both before and after the
reaction.
spin quantum number
Indicates the direction of electron spin, symbolized by the letterms.
spontaneous reaction
A reaction that favors the formation of products at the conditions under which the reaction is occurring.
standard cell potential (E^0 cell)
The cell potential when the temperature is 25°C, the solution concentrations are all 1 M and the pressure of
any gases is standard (1 atm).
standard heat of formation
The enthalpy change associated with the formation of one mole of a compound from its elements in their
standard states.
standard hydrogen electrode
A reference electrode that is used with another electrode (half-cell) to determine its standard reduction poten-
tial.
standard solution
The solution in a titration whose concentration is known.
standard temperature and pressure (STP)
The conditions at which the volumes of gases are measured and compared; it is equal to 0°C (273.15 K) and
1 atm (101.3 kPa and 760 mmHg) pressure.
stoichiometry
The area of chemistry that deals with the calculation of amounts of substances in a chemical reaction based
on the balanced equation.
strong acid
An acid which ionizes completely in aqueous solution.
strong base
A base which ionizes completely in aqueous solution.
strong electrolyte
A solution in which a large fraction of the dissolved solute exists as ions.
structural formula
A formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule and represents covalent bonds between atoms
by dashes.
structural isomer
One of multiple molecules that have the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas.