3.46. Solute and Solvent http://www.ck12.org
MEDIA
Click image to the left for use the URL below.
URL: http://www.ck12.org/flx/render/embeddedobject/5007Ionic and Covalent Solutes
All solutes separate into individual particles when they dissolve, but the particles are different for ionic and covalent
compounds. Ionic solutes separate into individual ions. Covalent solutes separate into individual molecules.
Salt, or sodium chloride (NaCl), is an ionic compound. When it dissolves in water, it separates into positive sodium
ions (Na+) and negative chloride ions (Cl−). You can see how this happens in theFigure3.90. The negative oxygen
ends of water molecules attract the positive sodium ions, and the positive hydrogen ends of water molecules attract
the negative chloride ions. These forces of attraction pull the ions apart. You can watch this happening in animations
at these URLs:
- http://group.chem.iastate.edu/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/thermochem/solutionSalt.html
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gN9euz9jzwc
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URL: http://www.ck12.org/flx/render/embeddedobject/5003FIGURE 3.90
The sugar glucose is a covalent compound. When sugar dissolves in water, it forms individual glucose molecules
(C 6 H 12 O 6 ). You can see how this happens in theFigure3.91. Sugar is polar like water, so sugar molecules also
have positive and negative ends. Forces of attraction between oppositely charged ends of water and sugar molecules
pull individual sugar molecules away from the sugar crystal. Little by little, the sugar molecules are separated from