Ancient Literacies

(Marvins-Underground-K-12) #1

  1. Weights, Gold Vessels, Silver Vessels, Bronze Vessels, Lead Vessels, Pewter
    Vessels, Shale Vessels, Glass Vessels, Spoons

  2. Brooches, Rings, Gems, Bracelets, Helmets, Shields, Weapons, Iron Tools,
    Baldric Fittings, Votives in Gold, Silver and Bronze, Lead Pipes, Roundels,
    Sheets and Other Lead Objects, Stone Roundels, Pottery and Bone
    Roundels, Other Objects of Bone

  3. Wooden Barrels, Stilus Tablets, Objects of Wood, Leather, Oculists’
    Stamps, Wallplaster, Mosaics, Handmills, Stone Tablets, Stone Balls, Stone
    Pebbles, Small Stone Votives, Miscellaneous Objects of Stone, Jet, Clay
    Figurines, Clay Objects, Antefixes, Tile Stamps of Legion II Augusta, of
    Legion VI Victrix, of Legion IX Hispana, of Legion XX Valeria Victrix,
    Tile Stamps of the Auxiliaries

  4. Tile Stamps of the Classis Britannica; Imperial, Procuratorial and Civic Tile
    Stamps; Stamps of Private Tilers, Inscriptions on Relief Patterned Tiles
    and Graffiti on Tiles

  5. Dipinti and Graffiti on Amphorae, Dipinti and Graffiti on Mortaria,
    Inscriptions in White Barbotine, Dipinti on Coarse Pottery, Samian
    Barbotine or Moulded

  6. Graffiti on Samian Ware/Terra Sigillata

  7. Graffiti on Coarse Pottery Cut before and after Firing, Stamps on Coarse
    Pottery


The gaps are obvious, but what we do have is rather interesting. These


texts can be broadly classified as follows. The smallest group are those that


emanate from the actions of the state. The militarydiplomataare the main


examples here, along with some of the lapidary epigraphy from the two


walls, on milestones and the like. These are highly formulaic, made use


of standard abbreviations, and include most of our longest documents.


Thediplomataare a rare trace from this end of the empire of those


personal archives of official documents, which are more fully represented


from Egypt and other arid environments where papyri and parchment


have survived.


A second group, also quite small in number, are texts or numbers


integral to the manufactured objects. The numbers and signs on gaming


tokens are a case in point, and some (although not all) of the writing on


coins could be included. These objects provide evidence for habits of


thought and practice we mostly associate with the complex world of
urban communities, but one that was equally present in the quasi-urban


environments of the camps.^32 They were the tools and toys of people


quite used to using numbers and letters, weights and measures in their


everyday life, people who picked up a new format of text as easily as the


computer literate today pick up a new application.


A third group, much more numerous, are those marks generated in the


making, transportation, and perhaps retailing of objects. Stamps on tiles



  1. Purcell 1995 on the cognitive and cultural implications of Roman gambling.


Literacy or Literacies in Rome? 55

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