community” and that Hurston offered her readers
the chance to “participate in collective rituals” of
African-American life. Several of Hurston’s com-
positions appeared in NEGRO, the anthology
edited by NANCYCUNARD. The BOOK-OF-THE-
MONTHCLUBawarded the collection an Honor-
able Mention in its Winter 1936 Club Award
contest.
Bibliography
Boyd, Valerie. Wrapped in Rainbows: The Life of Zora
Neale Hurston.New York: Scribner, 2003.
Cronin, Gloria. Critical Essays on Zora Neale Hurston.
New York: G. K. Hall, 1998.
Glassman, Steve, and Kathryn Lee Seidel, eds. Zora in
Florida. Orlando: University of Central Florida
Press, 1991.
Hurston, Zora Neale. Mules and Men.1935, reprint,
New York: Perennial Library, 1990.
Kaplan, Carla. Zora Neale Hurston: A Life in Letters.New
York: Doubleday, 2002.
Wall, Cheryl, ed. Folklore, Memoirs and Other Writings:
Zora Neale Hurston.New York: Library of America,
1995.
Mumford, Lewis (1895–1990)
A distinguished architectural critic, urban planner,
social philosopher, and essayist who published en-
gaging and provocative essays on NEWYORKCITY
architecture and culture in the New Yorkerduring
the last decade of the Harlem Renaissance.
He was born in Flushing, Queens, in October
1895 to a housekeeper named Elvina Mumford
and her employer, Lewis Charles Mack. Mumford,
who bore the name of his mother’s former hus-
band, attended Stuyvesant High School and later
attended classes at the City College of New York.
He joined the U.S. Navy during World War I.
When he returned to civilian life, Mumford’s life
as a journalist began. He worked as an associate
editor at the Dialand contributed numerous essays
to the AMERICANMERCURY, Harper’s, Scribner’s,
and to THE NEW REPUBLIC. The writer VAN
WYCKBROOKS, who, with LANGSTONHUGHES,
was committed to the success of the journal NEW
MASSES,was one of his good friends. Mumford met
Hughes during gatherings at the home of Noel Sul-
livan, one of his closest friends and a wealthy sup-
porter of the arts. His correspondence with Frank
Lloyd Wright spanned some three decades.
The University at Albany, State University of
New York, honored Mumford in 1998 when it es-
tablished the Lewis Mumford Center for Compara-
tive Urban and Regional Research.Bibliography
Blake, Casey. Beloved Community: The Cultural Criticism
of Randolph Bourne, Van Wyck Brooks, Waldo Frank,
and Lewis Mumford.Chapel Hill: University of
North Carolina Press, 1990.
Lewis Mumford Collection, Charles Patterson Van Pelt
Library, University of Pennsylvania.
Miller, Donald. Lewis Mumford, A Life.New York: Wei-
denfeld & Nicholson, 1989.
Pfieffer, Bruce, and Robert Wojtowicz, eds. Frank Lloyd
Wright and Lewis Mumford: Thirty Years of Corre-
spondence. New York: Princeton Architectural
Press, 2001.
Wojtowicz, Robert, ed. Sidewalk Critic: Lewis Mumford’s
Writings on New York.New York: Princeton Archi-
tectural Press, 1998.Murphy, Beatrice Campbell(1908–1992)
A graduate of DUNBARHIGHSCHOOL, editor,
journalist, and poet, whose creative works were
published in major Harlem Renaissance forums.
Born in Monessen, Pennsylvania, she was the
daughter of Benjamin and Maude Campbell. She
attended the highly regarded Dunbar High
School in WASHINGTON, D.C., and began pub-
lishing shortly after her graduation in 1928. She
worked at the Catholic University of America as
secretary to the sociology department chair, es-
tablished a circulating library, and became direc-
tor of the Negro Bibliographic and Resource
Center.
Murphy published poetry in THECRISISand
several essays in the journals Interracial Reviewand
Our Colored Missions.She carried on the important
tradition of collecting and anthologizing the works
of African-American poets. Like ALAIN LOCKE,
LANGSTONHUGHES, and ARNABONTEMPS, Mur-
phy was committed to providing readers with ready
access to African-American literature and to sus-
taining key networks among writers. She published358 Mumford, Lewis