174 THE MYTHS OF CREATION: THE GODS
The gamut of the conceptions of the goddess of love is reflected in sculpture
as well as literature. Archaic idols, like those of other fertility goddesses, are
grotesque in their exaggeration of her sexual attributes. In early Greek art she is
rendered as a beautiful woman, usually clothed. By the fourth century she is por-
trayed nude (or nearly so), the idealization of womanhood in all her feminin-
ity; the sculptor Praxiteles was mainly responsible for establishing the type—
sensuous in its soft curves and voluptuousness.^2 As so often in the ancient world,
once a master had captured a universal conception, it was repeated endlessly with
or without significant variations. Everyone knows the Venus from Melos or one
of the many other extant copies, although Praxiteles' originals have not survived.ATTENDANTS OF APHRODITE
The Graces (Charités) and the Hours or Seasons (Horae) are often associated with
Aphrodite as decorative and appropriate attendants. The Graces, generally three in
number, are personifications of aspects of loveliness. The Horae, daughters of Zeus
and Themis, are sometimes difficult to distinguish from the Graces, but they even-
tually emerge with clearer identity as the Seasons; thus they usually are thought of
as a group of two, three, or four. Horae means "hours" and therefore "time" and
thus ultimately "seasons." The Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite (6) focuses upon the deck-
ing out of the goddess by the Horae, whom we call in this context the Hours.¥
1 shall sing about beautiful and revered Aphrodite of the golden crown, who
holds as her domain the battlements of all sea-girt Cyprus. The moist force of
the West Wind Zephyrus as he blows brought her there amidst the soft foam
on the waves of the resounding sea. The gold-bedecked Hours gladly received
her and clothed her in divine garments. On her immortal head they placed a
finely wrought crown of gold and in her pierced earlobes, flowers of copper and
precious gold. About her soft neck and silvery breasts they adorned her with
necklaces of gold, the kind that beautify the Hours themselves whenever they
go to the lovely dancing choruses of the gods and to the home of their father.
Then after they had bedecked her person with every adornment they led her to
the immortals, who greeted her when they saw her and took her in their wel-
coming hands; and each god prayed that she would be his wedded wife and he
would bring her home, as he marveled at the beauty of violet-crowned Cytherea.
Hail, sweet and winning goddess with your seductive glance; grant that I
may win victory in the contest and make my song fitting. Yet I shall remember
you and another song too.THE PHALLIC PRIAPUS
The more elemental and physical aspects of Aphrodite's nature are seen in her
son, Priapus.^3 His father may be Hermes, Dionysus, Pan, Adonis, or even Zeus.
Priapus is a fertility god, generally depicted as deformed and bearing a huge
and erect phallus. He is found in gardens and at the doors of houses. He is part
scarecrow, part bringer of luck, and part guardian against thieves; therefore he