World History, Grades 9-12

xxii

The Leakey Family 7

Hammurabi 34

Siddhartha Gautama 68

King Solomon 81

Hatshepsut 90

Confucius, Laozi 105

Pericles 135

Socrates 139

Plato 139

Aristotle 139

Alexander 143

Hannibal 158

Julius Caesar 161

Augustus 162

Asoka 190

Chandragupta Maurya 190

Ibn Rushd 279

Empress Theodora 303

Ivan III 311

Malik Shah 315

Tang Taizong 324

Wu Zhao 324

Genghis Khan 331

Kublai Khan 337

Marco Polo 337

Benedict 355

Scholastica 355

Richard the Lion-Hearted 384

Saladin 384

Eleanor of Aquitaine 394

Joan of Arc 403

Sundiata 415

Mansa Musa 415

Pachacuti 460

Medici Family 472

Leonardo da Vinci 475

Michelangelo Buonarroti 475

Martin Luther 489

Elizabeth I 494

John Calvin 496

Suleyman the Lawgiver 510

Akbar 518

Prince Henry 530

Kangxi 539

Francisco Pizarro, Atahualpa 557

Louis XIV 598

Maria Theresa 606

Frederick the Great 606

Peter the Great 609

Voltaire 630

Mary Wollstonecraft 633

Catherine the Great 639

Thomas Jefferson 641

Louis XVI 653

Marie Antoinette 653

Jean-Paul Marat 658

Napoleon Bonaparte 664

Simón Bolívar 683

José de San Martín 683

Otto von Bismarck 696

Ludwig van Beethoven 699

Adam Smith 735

Karl Marx 736

Jane Addams 740

Queen Victoria and Prince Albert 748

Abraham Lincoln 761

Marie Curie 765

Samori Touré 782

Queen Liliuokalani 799

José Martí 818

Porfirio Díaz 825

Emiliano Zapata 826

Kaiser Wilhelm II 842

Woodrow Wilson 859

Georges Clemenceau 859

V. I. Lenin 868

Joseph Stalin 877

Mustafa Kemal 890

Benito Mussolini 912

Adolf Hitler 912

Winston Churchill 927

General Douglas MacArthur 934

General Dwight D. Eisenhower 944

Mao Zedong 974

Ho Chi Minh 978

Fidel Castro 985

Imre Nagy 989

Alexander Dubcvek 989

Jawaharlal Nehru 1000

Aung San Suu Kyi 1006

Jomo Kenyatta 1013

Golda Meir 1019

Nelson Mandela 1044

F. W. de Klerk 1044

Mikhail Gorbachev 1048

Boris Yeltsin 1048

Vladimir Putin 1051

Jiang Zemin 1062

Mother Teresa 1084

Features (continued)

Unit 1

Ancient Civilizations 112

Unit 2

Classical Ages 252

Unit 3

Trade Networks 430

Unit 4

Methods of Government 578

Unit 5

Political Revolutions 706

Unit 6

Scientific and

Technological Changes 830

Unit 7

The Changing Nature of Warfare 954

Unit 8

Nation Building 1100

1.Which of these societies controlledthe most territory? the least? Explain

how the size of a society’s territorymight affect its ability to leave a

2.legacy.Which classical ages had religion as

an important part of their legacy?Why does religion have such an

252 Unit 2 Comparing & Contrasting impact on societies? 253

Lasting Achievements

A classical age usually has two important characteristics:• The society reaches a high level of cultural achievement, with advances in

• The society leaves a strong legacy for future ages, not only in the region technology and science and the creation of impressive works of art.
  In this feature, you will study similarities and differences among five classicalwhere it is located but also in other parts of the world.
  ages that you learned about in Unit 2.

1200–400 Olmec B.C. Han China^202 B.C.–A.D. 220

Rome 500 B.C.–A.D 476

Greece 750–300 B.C.

GreecePericles,shown at left, led the city-state

of Athens during its golden age. Theancient Greeks of Athens and other cities

created art, literature, philosophy, andpolitical institutions that have influenced

the world for thousands of years.

▼

OlmecSome scholars theorize

that the sculpture atright shows the face of

an Olmec people left noOlmec ruler. The

written records. Even so, their civilization

influenced the art,religion, architecture,

and political structure of peoples who followed

them in Mesoamerica.

▼

RomeThe emperor Augustus,whose statue is shown at

left, ruled for about 40 years during Rome’s 200-year golden age. First a republic and then an

empire, Rome controlled the Mediterranean regionand a large part of Europe. Roman government,

law, society, art, literature, and language stillinfluence much of the world, as does the Christian

religion Rome eventually adopted.

▼

Gupta IndiaChandragupta II,shown

on this coin, was one ofthe rulers of India’s Gupta

Empire. They oversaw anage of peace, prosperity,

and artistic creativity.During this time,

Hinduism and Buddhismtook full form in India and

spread through trade toother regions.

Han ChinaLiu Bang,shown at right, ▼

seized control of China andfounded the Han Dynasty.

He and his successors ruleda vast empire, which saw

the growth and spread ofChinese culture. Even today,

many Chinese callthemselves “the people of

Han,” a tribute to the lastingcultural impact of this

period.

▼

Gupta India A.D. 320–550