Press of America, 2009); Richard Hellie,Enserfment and Military Change in Muscovy
(Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1971); Carol Belkin Stevens,Russia’s
Wars of Emergence, 1460– 1730 (Harlow: Pearson Longman, 2007); John L. H. Keep,
Soldiers of the Tsar: Army and Society in Russia, 1462– 1874 (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1985); Alessandro Stanziani,Bâtisseurs d’empires: Russie, Chine et Inde à la croisée des
mondes, XVe–XIXe siècle(Paris: Raisons d’Agir, 2012).
On the boyar elite in thefifteenth and sixteenth century, see myKinship and Politics: The
Making of the Muscovite Political System, 1345– 1547 (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univer-
sity Press, 1987); Sergei Bogatyrev,The Sovereign and his Counsellors: Ritualised Consult-
ations in Muscovite Political Culture, 1350s–1570s(Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum
Fennica, 2000). For the seventeenth century: Robert O. Crummey,Aristocrats and
Servitors: The Boyar Elite in Russia, 1613– 1689 (Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1983) and his“The Origins of the Noble Official: The Boyar Elite, 1613–1689,”in
Walter M. Pintner and Don Karl Rowney, eds.,Russian Officialdom: The Bureaucratiza-
tion of Russian Society from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Century(Chapel Hill, NC:
University of North Carolina Press, 1980), 46–75; Marshall Poe, O. E. Kosheleva,
Russell Martin, and B. N. Morozov,The Russian Elite in the Seventeenth Century
(Helsinki: FASL, 2004). On precedence, see myBy Honor Bound: State and Society in
Early Modern Russia(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999), chap. 4. On Muscovite
tsars’marriages: Russell Martin,A Bride for the Tsar: Bride-Shows and Marriage Politics in
Early Modern Russia(DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 2012).
On the seventeenth-century gentry: Valerie A. Kivelson,Autocracy in the Provinces: The
Muscovite Gentry and Political Culture in the Seventeenth Century(Stanford, Calif.:
Stanford University Press, 1996) and her“The Devil Stole his Mind: The Tsar and the
1648 Moscow Uprising,”American Historical Review98 (1993): 733–56; André Berelo-
witch,La Hiérarchie des égaux: la noblesse russe d’ancien régime (XVIe–XVIIe siècles)(Paris:
Éditions du Seuil, 2001). On the army below the landed military classes: Richard Hellie,
Enserfment and Military Change in Muscovy(Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1971); Stevens,Russia’s Wars of Emergence.
On seventeenth-century political structure: Marshall Poe,“The Central Government and
its Institutions,”and Brian Davies,“Local Government and Administration,”in Maureen
Perrie, ed.,The Cambridge History of Russia, Vol. 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2006). Onkormlenieand the risk of corruption, see myCrime and Punishment in
Early Modern Russia(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), chaps. 4 and 8.
On social origins of bureaucrats: Borivoj Plavsic,“Seventeenth-Century Chanceries and
their Staffs,”in Pintner and Rowney, eds.,Russian Officialdom,19–45; Peter B. Brown,
“The Service Land Chancellery Clerks of Seventeenth-Century Russia: Their Regime,
Salaries and Economic Survival,”Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas52 (2004): 33–69.
Fundamental studies in Russian include N. F. Demidova,Sluzhilaia biurokratiia v Rossii
XVII v. i ee rol^0 v formirovanii absoliutizma(Moscow: Nauka, 1987) and L. F. Pisar’kova,
Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie Rossii s kontsa XVII do Kontsa XVIII veka: evoliutsiia biurokra-
ticheskoi sistemy(Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2007).
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