Index
absolutism 11, 38, 77, 135, 269, 276–8, 428
Academy of Arts 376, 381, 389
Academy of Sciences, the 274–5, 284, 312,
337 – 8, 377, 389, 436, 438, 443,
452, 461;see also underSt. Petersburg
Survey Department 338
administration 18, 65, 107, 109, 115, 174, 183,
215 – 16, 296, 298, 300–3, 305–6,
310 – 11, 315, 319, 333, 336, 343,
349, 352, 378, 381, 385, 387, 391,
404, 407, 422, 429–30, 456,
459 – 60, 462;see alsobureaucracy
andgovernance
central 86, 174, 301, 317
institutions of 113, 118, 173, 301, 314, 373
reform of 65, 92, 94, 100, 105–6, 111–13,
115 – 16, 119–22, 125, 277, 296,
300 – 3, 307–8, 312–14, 317–18,
328, 330, 333, 339–40, 349, 352,
360, 363, 371, 380, 382, 406–7,
429, 433– 4
standardization of 103, 111, 115, 125, 160,
175, 201, 343, 397
systems of 80, 99, 107–8, 125, 301–2, 307,
314, 373, 424
Admiralty, the 365
Adrian (Patriarch) 412
Adrianople, Treaty of 335
advice/advisors 77, 135–7, 157, 208–9, 211,
256, 269–70, 277, 326, 375, 430,
439 – 40, 443
Aegean Sea 324
Africa 26, 32, 121, 187, 189
North 30
“Afro-Eurasian”zone 32
Agamben, Giorgio 154
Agapetus 133, 135
agriculture 23, 26–7, 29–32, 59, 63–4, 85, 98,
109, 113–14, 116, 160, 167, 200,
202 – 3, 218–19, 225–6, 230, 233,
324, 327, 334, 356–7, 361–2, 365,
368 – 70, 375, 377, 383, 444, 458
viticulture 59, 114, 116
Akbar 35
Akkerman 401
Aksakov, Sergei 91, 444
Family Chronicle 91
Alaska 5, 21, 26, 84– 5
Alatyr’ 371
alcohol 60, 68, 108–9, 200–1, 230, 254, 318,
325 – 7, 330–2, 368–9, 385, 394
monopolies on 216, 332
Aleksandrov 153
Alekseevna, Sofiia 131, 151, 260, 268–9, 276,
280, 293, 296
Aleksei Mikhailovich (Tsar) 135, 139, 151, 169,
193, 204, 212, 255–6, 260, 273, 276
Aleksei Petrovich 279– 80
Aleksii (Metropolitan) 249
Aleppo 32, 235
Aleut people, the 85, 402
Alexander (Grand Duke of Poland/
Lithuania) 12, 51
Alexander I (Emperor of Russia) 278, 284,
312 – 13, 348, 407, 433–4, 462
Alexander II (Emperor of Russia) 96, 372, 455
Alexander III (Emperor of Russia) 456
Alexander, John 278
Alexander the Great 439
Alexander Nevskii (Prince and Saint) 136, 456
Alexandria 31
alliances 12–17, 57, 65, 71, 73, 78, 94, 107,
208, 210;see alsodiplomacy
Allsen, Thomas 2, 129
Altai Mountains, the 21, 65, 90, 319, 363
Altay 25, 85–6, 88
amanat 70
Americas, the 29, 450–1, 454, 460;see also
North America
Amsterdam 36, 171, 189, 297, 337
Amur River 62, 84, 178, 196
Anadyr Mountains, the 21
Ananich, Boris 319, 326
Anastasiia Romanova (wife of Ivan IV) 150, 210
Anatolia 30–2, 34, 48, 458
Andrei Bogoliubskii (Prince) 44
Andrei Ivanovich (Prince of Uglich) 148
Andrusovo, Treaty of 14, 76
Angara River 64, 196
animal husbandry 59, 71, 91, 95, 98, 116,
226, 369
animals 66, 71, 85, 94, 181, 193, 203, 225,
324, 368, 383
animism 41, 60, 65, 259–60, 401
animists 45, 53, 55–6, 63, 96–7, 398,
401 – 2, 451
Anisimov, Evgenii 281
Anna Ioannovna (Empress of Russia) 121,
275 – 7, 281–2, 284, 288, 306, 316,
398, 403, 431–2, 436
Anna Leopoldovna, of Mecklenburg (regent) 281
Anna Petrovna (daughter of Peter I) 279– 80
Annalistes, the 33
anti-Semitism 123– 4
Antwerp 31, 235
Apanaevskii mosque (Kazan) 285