ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR ★^913
feared German rearmament. But France and other victims of Nazi aggression
saw NATO as a kind of “double containment,” in which West Germany would
serve as a bulwark against the Soviets while integration into the Western alli-
ance tamed and “civilized” German power. The North Atlantic Treaty was the
first long- term military alliance between the United States and Europe since
the Treaty of Amity and Commerce with France during the American Revolu-
tion. The Soviets formalized their own eastern European alliance, the Warsaw
Pact, in 1955.
COLD WAR EUROPE, 1956
The division of Europe between communist and noncommunist nations, solidified by the
early 1950s, would last for nearly forty years.
Lisbon
Paris
London Berlin
Prague
Warsaw
Budapest
Bucharest
Sofia
Tirane
Athens
Ankara
Bonn
FRANCE
LUXEMBOURG
PORTUGAL SPAIN ITALY
BRITGREAAINT
IRELAND
NORWAY
SWEDEN FINLAND
GERMANWESTY
EAST POLAND
GERMANY
DENMARK
SWITZERLAND
BELGIUM
NETHERLANDS
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
YUGOSLAVIA
ALBANIA
BULGARIA
GREECE
ROMANIA
TURKEY
SYRIA IRAQ
SAUDI
ARABIA
JORDAN
LEBANON
ISRAEL
LIBYA EGYPT
TUNISIA
AL(FranceGERIA)
MOROCCO
SOVIET UNION
ICELAND
Crete(Great BritaiCYPRUSn)
Sicily
Sardinia
C orsica
NorthSea
Mediterranean Sea
Black^ Sea^
Red Se
a
Balt
ic^ S
ea^
Atlantic
Ocean
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BerlinEast
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in (^) W
all, (^1)
(^961)
Occupation Zones
AmericanBritish FrenchSoviet
0
0
250
250
500 miles
500 kilometers
NAWarsaw TO countriesPact countries
What series of events and ideological conflicts prompted the Cold War?