GLOSSARY ★ A-67for one legislative body with equal repre-
sentation for each state.
New Left Radical youth protest move-
ment of the 1960s, named by leader Tom
Hayden to distinguish it from the Old
( Marxist- Leninist) Left of the 1930s.
New Nationalism Platform of the Pro-
gressive Party and slogan of former
president Theodore Roosevelt in the pres-
idential campaign of 1912; stressed gov-
ernment activism, including regulation
of trusts, conservation, and recall of state
court decisions that had nullified progres-
sive programs.
New Negro Term used in the 1920s, in
reference to a slow and steady growth of
black political influence that occurred in
northern cities, where African- Americans
were freer to speak and act. This political
activity created a spirit of protest that
expressed itself culturally in the Har-
lem Renaissance and politically in “new
Negro” nationalism.
New Orleans, Battle of Last battle of the
War of 1812, fought on January 8, 1815,
weeks after the peace treaty was signed
but prior to the news’ reaching America;
General Andrew Jackson led the victori-
ous American troops.
New South Atlanta Constitution editor
Henry W. Grady’s 1886 term for the pros-
perous post– Civil War South he envi-
sioned: democratic, industrial, urban, and
free of nostalgia for the defeated planta-
tion South.
new world order President George H. W.
Bush’s term for the post– Cold War world.
Ninety- Five Theses The list of moral griev-
ances against the Catholic Church by Mar-
tin Luther, a German priest, in 1517.
“no taxation without representa-
tion” The rallying cry of opponents to
the 1765 Stamp Act. The slogan decried
the colonists’ lack of representation in
Parliament.less government, supply- side economics,
and “family values.”
Neolin A Native American religious
prophet who, by preaching pan- Indian
unity and rejection of European technol-
ogy and commerce, helped inspire Ponti-
ac’s Rebellion.
Neutrality Acts Series of laws passed
between 1935 and 1939 to keep the United
States from becoming involved in war by
prohibiting American trade and travel to
warring nations.
New Deal Franklin D. Roosevelt’s cam-
paign promise, in his speech to the Dem-
ocratic National Convention of 1932, to
combat the Great Depression with a “new
deal for the American people”; the phrase
became a catchword for his ambitious
plan of economic programs.
new feminism A new aspect of the wom-
en’s rights movement that arose in the
early part of the twentieth century. New
feminism added a focus on individual
and sexual freedom to the movement,
and introduced the word “feminism” into
American life.
New Freedom Democrat Woodrow Wil-
son’s political slogan in the presidential
campaign of 1912; Wilson wanted to
improve the banking system, lower tar-
iffs, and, by breaking up monopolies, give
small businesses freedom to compete.
New Harmony Community founded in
Indiana by British industrialist Robert
Owen in 1825; the short- lived New Har-
mony Community of Equality was one
of the few nineteenth- century commu-
nal experiments not based on religious
ideology.
new immigrants Wave of newcom-
ers from southern and eastern Europe,
including many Jews, who became a
majority among immigrants to America
after 1890.
New Jersey Plan New Jersey’s delegation
to the Constitutional Convention’s plan