- come to recognise their oppression and, crucially, the causes of that oppression.
Obviously the ideologies – and different streams within each ideology – will define
the causes of oppression in their own way. Our linking together of these four
ideologies is not intended to suggest mutual sympathy between them: many feminists
regard multiculturalism as, in the words, of Susan Okin, ‘bad for women’ (Okin et
al., 1999), and fundamentalists of all hues consider multiculturalism to be the
political expression of the moral and cultural relativism that they are fighting. The
affinities between the four ideologies relate to the historical conditions under which
they have emerged, and the style in which they engage with the classical ideologies.
References
Fukuyama, F. (1992) The End of History and the Last ManLondon: Penguin.
Hobsbawm, E. (1995) Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914–1991London:
Abacus.
Inglehart, R. (1977) The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among
Western PublicsPrinceton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
McLellan, D. (1979) Marxism after Marx: An IntroductionLondon: Macmillan.
Okin, S. et al.(1999) Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women?(eds J. Cohen, M. Howard, M.
Nussbaum) Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.310 Part 3 Contemporary ideologies