Course in Modern Mandarin Chinese

120 Routledge Course in Modern Mandarin Chinese Level 1

j, q, x (alveopalatal initials)

jHjiàn jiéjú jEnjC jiIngjiIng

qHqián qíqiáng qióngqC qiAnqiFng

xìxiàn xExuán xiGxìn xióngxCn

zh, ch, sh, r (retroflex initials)

zhDngzhàn zhòngzhí zhízhFng zhézhH

chBchFng chDngchì chuánchéng chíchGng

shànshì shìshí shHshE shuAngshù

réngrán róngrGn rénrì rGnràng

z, c, s (sibilant initials)

zìzé zòngzi zAizAng zFnzú

cBncC cóngcH cuòcí cAicè

sCsù sDngsFn sAnsè sCsAng

1.2. Focus on retroflex and alveopalatal initials

zh, j

zhA jiA

zhAo jiAo

zhDu jiE

zhAn jiAn

zhAng jiAng

zhDng jiDng

ch, q

chA qiA

chAo qiAo

chDu qiE

chAn qiAn

chAng qiAng

chóng qióng