396 Index
establishment clause, 69
Republican Party of, 158
Jews, voting behavior, 122, 123
Jim Crow laws, 95
Johnson, Andrew, 237
Johnson, Gary, 165
Johnson, Lyndon B., 14
affirmative action, 108
as chief legislator, 231
“daisy girl” ad, 135–136
election of 1964, 135–136
Medicare, creation of, 299
pact with president regarding
incapacity of, 242
plan to end governmental
inefficiency, 248
South Vietnam supported by,
334
Vietnam War and, 228, 339
Joint committee, 211
Judges. See also Supreme Court
justices
election of state judges, 283
federal, 281–287
judicial traditions and doctrine,
292
Judicial activism, 286
Judicial implementation, 289
Judicial powers
checks and balances, 34, 35
separation of powers, 34
Judicial restraint, 287
Judicial review
checks and balances and, 34,
286
defined, 40
Federalist Papers and, 36
informal constitutional change
and, 40
Jud ic i a r y. See Courts
Judiciary Committee, 282
Jurisdiction
defined, 274
of federal court system, 274
general, 276
limited, 276
Jury
prospective members of,
discrimination against,
275
right to impartial, 68
Justice Department, 249
functions of, 254three principal ethnic/religious
groups in, 325
UN weapons inspection, 325
Iraq War (Second Gulf War)
big government and, 11
Bush Doctrine, 325
Congress and power of the
purse, 337
cost of and deficit spending, 312
end game for, 326
insurgency, 325
international support for, 230
occupation, 325
withdrawal of American troops,
326
Ireland, IRA and, 323, 324
dept crisis, 332
Irish Republican Army, 323
Iron triangles, 266
Isolationist foreign policy, 338
Israel
attacking Iran’s nuclear sites,
329
conflict with Palestinians and,
331–332
unitary system of government
in, 46
United States as primary
defender of, against
Palestinians, 324
Issue advocacy advertising, 177
Issue network, 266–267J
Jackson, Andrew, 226, 285, 289
kitchen cabinet, 239
spoils system, 259
Jamestown, colony at, 21
Japan
attack on Pearl Harbor, 338
expansionary monetary policy,
333
health care spending and, 298
lobbying by, 151
ownership of U.S. public debt,
310
unitary system of government
in, 46
Jay, John, 24, 36
Jefferson, Thomas, 24, 185, 259
Declaration of Independence,
26–27
electoral college and, 226issue network, 266–267
lawsuits brought by, 274–275
lobbying techniques, 151–152
poor Americans and, 148–149
public-interest, 149–150
public pressure generated by,
153
ratings game, 152
reasons to join, 145
social movements and, 145
strategies of, 151–154
types of, 146–151
Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, 307
Interior Department
functions of, 254
subagencies of, 254
Intermediate-Range Nuclear
Force (INF) Treaty, 341
Internal Revenue Code, 314
Internet
campaigns and, 138
as news source, 131, 134
pornography on, 77
Interstate commerce, 40, 55
Interstate Commerce Commission
(ICC), 253–254, 256
Interstate compacts, 53
Interstate relations, 53
Intolerable Acts, 23
Intrastate commerce, 55
Iran
nuclear weapons and, 327–328
as oil exporter, 305
as theocracy, 4
Iraq. See also Iraq War (Second
Gulf War)
American invasion of, in 2003,
228, 325
Bush Doctrine, 325
end game for war, 326
federalization of National
Guard, 53
First Gulf War, 325
insurgency, 325
invasion of Kuwait, 325
Kurdish community in, 325
more troops sent to, by Obama,
228
occupation of, 325
Second Gulf War, 325
Shiite community in, 325
Sunni community in, 3259781285436388_em_indx_383-410.indd 396 10/22/13 7:05 AM
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