Stephen Spender says that Hockney “translates music into visual images which
are themselves musical.” Indexed.- Wagner, Manfred. Alfred Roller in seiner Zeit. Salzburg: Residenz, 1996.
327p. ISBN 3-7017-0960-2. PN2096 .R65 W346.
A biography of Roller, whose work as a painter brought him first to designs for
spoken drama, then to opera. Fine color reproductions of his paintings,
posters, and stage scenes. Name index. - Svoboda, Josef. The Secret of Theatrical Space: The Memoirs of Josef Svo-
boda. Ed. and trans. Jarka Burian. New York: Applause Theater Books, 1993.
144p. ISBN 1-5578-3137-8. PN2096 .S9 A3.
A fine telling of Svoboda’s busy career, which covered both spoken and oper-
atic theater. With black-and-white pictures only, backnotes by Burian, a
chronology of productions 1943–1992, and index. - Burian, Jarka. The Scenography of Josef Svoboda. Middletown, Conn.: Wes-
leyan U.P., 1971. xxii, 197p. ISBN 0-8195-4041-2. PN2096 .S9 B9.
The designer’s life is presented, with his aesthetic principles and their embodi-
ment in about 50 productions. Operas included (and illustrated in black-and-
white pictures, with some stage plans) are by Janácek, Mozart, Puccini,
Smetana, Wagner, Debussy, Weber, and Richard Strauss. Chronology of pro-
ductions 1943–1971, quick bibliography, no index. - Burian, Jarka. Svoboda: Wagner; Josef Svoboda’s Scenography for Richard
Wagner’s Operas. Middletown, Conn.: Weslyan U.P., 1983. x, 117p. ISBN
0-8195-5088-4. ML410 .W19 B9.
A discussion of Svoboda’s productions, mostly at Covent Garden, Geneva, and
Bayreuth. With 17 plates and 84 other illustrations, including stage plans.
Notes, bibliography, no index.
Costumes
- Van Witten, Leo. Costuming for Opera: Who Wears What and Why.Bloom-
ington: Indiana U.P., 1981. 2v. Reprint, Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow, 1994.
ISBN (Scarecrow) 0-8108-2744-1. MT955 .V36.
Costumes for 31 operas are discussed in this useful work and illustrated with
period paintings and engravings. Glossary of costume terms.
Stage Effects
- Two strong articles: “Machinery,” by Edward A. Langhans, NGDO3, 120–
132, and “Lighting,” NGDO2, 1265–1277.
Production 79