5 Steps to a 5 AP Biology, 2014-2015 Edition

272 ❯ STEP 5. Build Your Test-Taking Confidence

58.If you examine side A after a couple of days, you
will see
A. an increase in the concentration of NaCl
and sucrose and an increase in water level.
B. a decrease in the concentration of NaCl, an
increase in water level, and no change in the
concentration of sucrose.
C. no net change.
D. an increase in the concentration of NaCl
and an increase in the water level.

59.Tay-Sachs is a disease caused by a recessive allele.
Individuals with the genetic disorder usually do
not survive more than a few years, and thus are
not able to reproduce and pass on the gene.
What would explain how this allele and its asso-
ciated disease is preserved in the population?
A. Heterozygous individuals will show no
symptoms.
B. Spontaneous mutation converts the domi-
nant allele to the recessive form.
C. Occasionally the gene will instead increase
the fitness of the individual.
D. Tay-Sachs is asymptomatic in people who
are homozygous recessive.

60.A new plant was discovered and determined to
have an unusually low number of stomata on the
undersides of its leaves. For what environment
would this plant most likely be best adapted?
A. Cold and rainy
B. Humid and sunny
C. Hot and humid
D. Hot and dry

61.The first simple cells evolved approximately 3.5
billion years ago, followed by the more complex
eukaryotic cells 2.1 billion years ago. Which of
the following statements is correct?
A. Eukaryotic organelles helped create separate
environments for metabolic reactions, thus
increasing their metabolic efficiency.
B. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have no
structural similarities.
C. The organelles in larger eukaryotic cells took
care of the problems of having a larger sur-
face area–to–volume ratio.
D. Eukaryotic cells are able to multiply faster
based on their more complex structure.

62.Easily produced genetic variation is key to the

rapid evolution of viral and microbial popula-

tions. Furthermore, pathogens that need to

escape the immune system rely on this variation

to generate new surface antigens that go unrec-

ognized by the host’s immune system. Which of

the following is an example of this antigenic

variation?

A. HIV, which can remain integrated into the

host genome for many years

B. The flu virus, which changes its envelope

proteins

C. MRSA, which has become resistant to many

antibiotics

D. Multiple sclerosis, which attacks the cells of

the nervous system

63.Two species of hamster (X and Y) are in the

genusCricetulus, whereas a third species (Z) is

instead part of genus Mesocricetus. Which of the

following phylogenetic trees shows the correct

evolutionary relatedness?

X

Y

Z

Y

B. Z

X

X

Y

Z

X

Z

Y

A.

C. D.