306 ❯ STEP 5. Build Your Test-Taking Confidence
- Recognition that a vaccination is the
injection of an antigen into the system
(human body). (1 ⁄ 2 point) - Description of how the reception of an
antigen by a B cell causes B-cell differen-
tiation into memory and plasma cells.
(1 ⁄ 2 point) - Mentioning that at the time of the vacci-
nation, the plasma cells will produce anti-
bodies to wipe out the small dose of
antigen presented during the vaccination,
and that the memory cells will remember
the antigen and be ready to react later if
necessary. (1 point) - Definition of a secondary immune
response. Memory cells are stored instruc-
tions on how to handle a particular
invader. When the invader returns to the
body, the memory cells recognize it and
produce antibodies in rapid fashion.
(1 point) - Mentioning that the secondary immune
response is faster and more efficient
than the primary immune response.
(1 ⁄ 2 point) - Mentioning that the principle of a success-
ful vaccination rests on the belief that the
secondary immune response will succeed
and wipe out the sickness if the individual
is exposed in the future. (1 ⁄ 2 point)
- Plant laboratory question
A. (maximum 5 points)
- Mentioning that the products of the light
reactions of photosynthesis are ATP,
NADPH, and oxygen. (1 ⁄ 2 point) - Mentioning that in this experiment, the
NADP+would be replaced by a com-
pound known as DPIP. (1 ⁄ 2 point) - Mentioning that normally this com-
pound DPIP has a nice blue color, but
when reduced, it changes to a colorless
solution. (1 ⁄ 2 point) - Mentioning that a machine called a
spectrophotometerwill be used to measure
the amount of light that can pass through
various samples. (1 ⁄ 2 point) - Description of the experiment.
a. Set aside three beakers—one with
boiled chloroplasts, two with unboiled
chloroplasts. (1 point)
b. Take initial reading on spectropho-
tometer to determine how much light
passes through the unboiled chloro-
plasts before the experiment begins.
(1 ⁄ 2 point)
c. Take one sample (unboiled chloro-
plasts) and measure how much photo-
synthesis occurs while it sits in a dark
environment. After a certain amount
of time, use the spectrophotometer to
measure how much light can pass
through the solution. (1 point)
d. Take a second sample (unboiled
chloroplasts) and measure how much
photosynthesis occurs when it is
exposed to light. After a certain amount
of time, use the spectrophotometer to
measure how much light can pass
through the solution. (1 point) - Mentioning that they would now com-
pare the two samples to see the effect of
light on photosynthesis. (1 point) - Take a third sample (boiled chloroplasts)
and expose it to light, and after a certain
period of time, measure how much light
can pass through the solution. (1 point) - Mentioning that they would now com-
pare the third sample and the second
sample to see the effect of the presence or
absence of chloroplasts on photosynthesis.
(1 point)
B. (maximum 5 points) - Definition of transpiration as the evapo-
rative water loss from plants. (1 point) - Mentioning that they will use a potome-
ter to measure the amount of water loss
from plants. (1 point) - Mentioning that the surface area of a leaf
is important to the measurement of tran-
spiration rate in an experiment of this
nature. (1 ⁄ 2 point)