The Expansion of China h 121- Confucianism
(A) became more popular in Vietnam than in
Korea
(B) was rejected as an acceptable philosophy by
the Japanese
(C) combined with Buddhism to create a cul-
tural bridge between China and Korea
(D) brought greater freedom to Vietnamese
women
(E) blended well with Shintoism to forge Japa-
neseartistic traditions - Which was NOT an achievement of the Tang
dynasty?
(A) the solution to the problem of nomadic
peoples along China’s border
(B) the adoption of products from Vietnam
(C) an emphasis on long-distance trade
(D) irrigation
(E) advances in the technology of warfare
3. The position of Chinese women
(A) resulted in greater freedoms under
Neo-Confucianism
(B) changed markedly between the seventh and
thirteenth centuries
(C) was defined by Confucianism
(D) was more restrictive under the Tang than
under the Song
(E) declined in regions where Buddhism was
popular
4. Japanese feudalism
(A) brought a temporary end to internal
conflicts
(B) increased the power of the emperor
(C) revolved around the power of the samurai
as warlords
(D) saw the beginnings of a centralized Japan
(E) united peasant and elite classes
5. Compared to the Viets, the Chinese were more
(A) agrarian
(B) ethnically diverse
(C) interested in trade
(D) urbanized
(E) interested in preserving their own culture
When Han rulers attempted to annex South China into their empire, they encountered
opposition from the Viets. Initially requiring the payment of tribute from the Viets, the
Han conquered them in 111 b.c.e. Under Han rule the Viets adopted Chinese agricul-
tural and irrigation techniques, the Confucian concept of veneration of ancestors, and the
extended family structure. In spite of their admiration of some aspects of Chinese culture,
however, the Viets periodically staged rebellions against Chinese rule. After the fall of the
Tang in 907, they staged a major protest, which in 939 resulted in Vietnamese independ-
ence. After their independence was secured, the Viets continued the Confucian civil service
examinations, which had earlier been disbanded. Vietnamese conquests of neighboring
peoples succeeded largely because of the military organization and technology they had
adopted from the Chinese.❯ Rapid Review
The Tang and Song dynasties proved to be an era of active long-distance trade contacts
and unprecedented technological innovation in China. During this era, China extended its
borders to intensify the diffusion of its culture to regions such as Japan, Korea, and Viet-
nam. At the same time that China was broadening its infl uence, it was repeatedly plagued
by nomadic invaders from the north such as the Khitan and the Jurchens. The necessity of
addressing the problem of nomadic invasions became China’s next great challenge.❯ Review Questions
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