226 i PERIOD 6 Accelerating Global Change and Realignments (c. 1900 to the present)
- Both the Mexican revolts of 1821 and 1910
(A) were initially Creole-backed movements
(B) ended in the immediate establishment of a
republic
(C) resulted in territorial losses within a few
years after the revolt
(D) involved resistance to foreign influence
(E) were independence movements
❯ Answers and Explanations
- C—The European nations possessed Asian and
African colonies that participated in the war
in hopes of being granted independence. No
World War I battles were fought in Australia or
South America (A). World War II was fought in
both European and Pacific theaters (B). Euro-
pean dominance alone did not give the war its
global status (D), nor did the involvement of
only Europe and the United States (E). - C—Because of its early withdrawal from the
war and its communist regime, Russia was not
allowed to join the League of Nations. Russia’s
Pan-Slavic movement hoped to unite all Slavic
peoples, including the Serbs (A). Russia’s early
withdrawal from the war allowed Germany to
devote its full attention to the defeat of France
and other Allies (B). As the Soviet Union pushed
toward France and Germany in the final months
of World War II, it moved through Eastern
Europe, establishing its presence in that region
(D). At the Yalta Conference, Stalin agreed to
join the war against Japan (E). - D—The Spanish Civil War occurred between
1936 and 1939. During World War II, Spain
was already fascist (A). It had not participated in
World War I (B, E). Its fascist government was
firmly in power in 1939 (C). - B—An example is the Munich Conference,
which allowed Hitler to annex the Sudetenland
in exchange for a pledge to refrain from taking
additional territory. Containment (C) was the
U.S. policy against communism. - E—After World War II, the Chinese civil war,
which had been put on hold, resumed. Korea
was divided into north and south, with the north
under communism (A). In the final months
of the war, the Soviet Union occupied many
European nations (B), most of them agricultural
rather than industrial nations (C). The Soviet
Union received part of eastern Poland, while
Poland received part of eastern Germany in
exchange (D).- A—World War II peace arrangements were for-
mulated through a series of conferences rather
than through one major treaty such as the
Treaty of Versailles. The United Nations was a
more effective organization than the League of
Nations (B). Europe’s African colonies did not
begin receiving independence until the 1950s
(C). The Soviet Union was included in the Yalta
and Potsdam conferences (D). No new colonial
possessions were created after World War II (E). - B—Japan rose in power, especially in East Asia,
during World War I, but its empire ended after
World War II. Great Britain (A) and Austria
(E) declined in power as a result of both wars.
Russia (C) declined in power during World
War I, but emerged from World War II as a
superpower. The Ottoman Empire ended after
World War I (D). - E—The United States emerged as a major world
power after World War I and a superpower after
World War II. The power of European nations
declined markedly during both wars (A, B, D).
After World War II, China remained involved
in a civil war (C). - B—Neither revolution desired independence
from a colonial power. The French Revolu-