280 i STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence
- A The slow population growth is a result of
China’s one-child policy, while the age distri-
bution and large GDP indicate a country in
transition from a developing to an industrial-
ized nation. The top two import partners also
are logical trade partners for China. Bangladesh
is not a major exporter and has a small adult
population (B). Canada has a much larger older
population (D). India has a much higher rate
of population growth (C). - A The stateless society, based on tribal or clan
relationships, was the most common political
form. After 1000, kingdoms (B), and empires
(D) arose. Africans did not form city-states (C). - A Europeans encountered Middle Eastern
peoples who taught them about sugarcane
cultivation. Europe expanded into the North
Atlantic and Baltic territories (B). Australians
did not develop agriculture until their encoun-
ter with Europeans in the eighteenth century
(C). Mongols and Turks continued their
nomadic lives (D). - D Swahili emerged from an encounter between
the migrating Bantu and Arabs on the east
coast of Africa. Urdu is a language of Pakistan
(A). Proto-Bantu is the language family from
which the Bantu languages developed (B).
Arabic came from the Arabian peninsula (C). - D The vast Mongol Empire stretched from
Persia to China to Russia. While warfare tem-
porarily interfered with trade on occasion, the
Mongols were noted for their facilitation of
trade along established Eurasian routes (A).
They occupied Vietnam temporarily, but were
unable to adapt to its climate and did not
annex its territory (B). The Mongols controlled
Russia by discouraging Russian trade with the
West (C). - B The Manila galleons carried trade between
China and Mexico from the sixteenth to the
nineteenth centuries. The other choices were
societies that had no trade contacts. - D Christian missionary journeys were dis-
rupted during the time of the bubonic plague.
Roman Catholicism was popular in Sicily and
Spain (A) but unpopular among East Asians
(B) and Mongols (C). - C Whereas many slaves came from central
Africa, the majority came from western Africa.
The Portuguese carried slaves to islands such as
the Madeira and Canary Islands (A). Africans
did not recognize private property; slaves were
a sign of wealth (B). Muslims tapped into Afri-
can slave routes to carry slaves to the Mediter-
ranean (D).- B The monsoons could be used to facilitate
navigation from China, throughout the Indian
Ocean, and on to East Africa. Portuguese
dominance decreased after 1600 (A). English
merchants concentrated on Indian trade (C).
Joint-stock companies limited commercial
risks (D). - B The time frame of the war (1756–1763) was
during a period of Dutch and English domi-
nance in the Indian Ocean. Because it involved
Europe, the Americas, and India (D), it was
the fi rst global war (A). It laid the basis for 150
years of British imperial dominance (C). - B Catherine the Great prevented Enlight en-
ment thought from having too large a sway
over Russian politics. Under the Tokugawa
Shogunate, Japan became more centralized (C).
Choices (A) and (D) are also correct. - D By 1800, the most urbanized nation was
Great Britain, with about 75 percent of its
population living in cities. Britain was followed
by Continental Europe, the United States, and
Japan. - A The Russians expanded into the territories
of the Ottoman Empire, which was too weak
to stop them. Siberia was opened up in the
sixteenth century (B). In the late eighteenth
century, Russia participated with Austria and
Prussia in the partition of Poland (C). Russia’s
pro-Slavic movement created an alliance with
the Balkan Slavic states based on a common
Slavic culture (D). - B Although foreign merchants were allowed
to trade in a few ports in China (C), the activi-
ties of foreign merchants were closely moni-
tored. The Chinese were especially impressed
by European clocks (A). Chinese authorities
denied their subjects opportunities to create
trading companies (D). - A Although Europeans brought their technol-
ogy to Africa, they failed to adequately train
indigenous peoples in its use and maintenance.
Plantation products created a single cash crop