Practice Test One h 289After World War II, the Middle East also saw the formation of the state of Israel and
the displacement of Palestinians from their homeland. Tension between Arabs and Israelis
have erupted in frequent warfare since 1948 and continues to the present. The discovery
of oil in the Middle East in the early twentieth century added to the strategic signifi cance
of the region.
In the late twentieth and early twenty-fi rst centuries, Islamic dictatorships and terror-
ists have been the focus of Middle Eastern relations with the West. Islamic fundamentalism
has continued to impede progress for women in some Middle Eastern countries. Much of
the Middle East suffers economically because of corrupt and irresponsible governments.
Terrorist attacks on the United States and U.S. possessions have produced intermittent
warfare against Islamic extremism in the region.
Comparative Essay
A good response regarding migration to Western Europe may begin with the Soviet expul-
sion of ethnic Germans back to Germany after World War II. Beginning in the 1960s, large
movements of guest workers from Turkey and North Africa into Europe began. Many of
these workers became permanent residents of Europe, often prompting violent racial ten-
sions by neo-Nazis and skinheads. Western Europe also has seen temporary migration in
the form of mass tourism.
Migration to North America in the twentieth century included Europeans seeking
better economic conditions after World War I, and European Jews fl eeing the oncoming
threat of Nazism before World War II. Emigration from Europe to the United States and
Canada continued after World War II. Central Americans have migrated into Mexico, with
the United States as their ultimate destination. After the Vietnam War in the 1970s, boat
people from South Vietnam migrated to the west coast of the United States. Like Europe,
the United States has seen a considerable infl ux of tourists. In both the case of Europe
and the United States, migration followed the more common pattern of movement from
developing to developed regions.
Migration to Southwest Asia involved Jews from Europe and other locations to Israel,
especially after 1948. Current migration into the Middle East often involves foreign work-
ers from developed nations moving to Southwest Asia to work in the oil fi elds. Here the
migration pattern is from developed to developing nations, the reverse of the pattern of
migration to Europe and the United States.
Immigrants often faced discrimination from native inhabitants fearing job loss to
immigrants. Migrants have often formed their own communities where they carried on
their own traditions.
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