presented with the exact same description of common symptoms of heart disease. However, those in
Group A were told that the patient was a 55-year-old female and those in Group B were told that
the patient was a 55-year-old male. All other patient characteristics were exactly the same.Which of the following is the appropriate statistic to test whether doctors are less likely to order
cardiac tests when the patient is female?A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A study looked at medical records of about 23,000 patients, mostly in Asia. They found that
patients who drank at least three cups of green tea per day had a much lower incidence of
depression. In an American newspaper article about this study, which of the following statements
should not be made?
A. It is possible that people who drink green tea also tend to have healthier lifestyles than those
who don’t.
B. It is possible that people who drink green tea also tend to have a more positive outlook on life
than those who don’t.
C. Because this is observational data, the association between drinking green tea and a lower
incidence of depression is not an indication of a causal relationship.
D. Because most of these patients lived in Asia, where tea drinking is much more common than in