30 ❯ STEP 2. Determine Your Test Readiness
- D—(Chapter 17) Aversive conditioning is a type of counterconditioning. An associa-
tion is formed between an obnoxious stimulus (such as nausea) with an unwanted
behavior (such as drinking alcohol). - B—(Chapter 17) Bright light exposure in the morning results in lower secretion of the
sleep-inducing hormone melatonin and protects against depression. - A—(Chapter 17) Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil are classified as SSRIs (selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors), which prevent the presynaptic neuron from reabsorbing
serotonin, leaving more serotonin in the synapse to bind to receptor sites on postsynaptic
neurons, enabling them to fire. - B—(Chapter 18) Foot-in-the-door phenomenon is the tendency for a person who has
agreed to a limited commitment to later agree to a more significant commitment. - C—(Chapter 18) Social facilitation is the improved performance of well-learned or
simple tasks in the presence of others. - D—(Chapter 18) The bystander effect, the tendency for bystanders not to help some-
one in need when others are present, often results from diffusion of responsibility and
lack of recognition of the need. Specifying someone to perform a specific task generally
results in the person doing that job. - D—(Chapter 18) Research by Burnstein and Vinokur has shown that when a group is
evenly split on an issue, participants in a discussion partially convince each other that
their own positions are valid, and participants moderate their positions—but this seems
to be true only when group members are evenly divided and equally passionate about
their views. - C—(Chapter 18) Social psychology studies how the individual thinks about, influ-
ences, and relates to others and how others relate to him/her; sociology emphasizes the
behaviorand functions of groups. - E—(Chapter 18) According to evolutionary psychologists, our behavior tends to help
perpetuate our genes. We are, thus, more likely to help close kin who are likely to repro-
duce than others. If we need to choose others to help in life or death situations, we will
tend to choose those who may benefit us or our kin.
Scoring and Interpretation
Now that you’ve finished the diagnostic exam and scored your answers, you can figure out
what your results mean. Did you answer all of the questions correctly for any chapters? Did
you get all or most of the questions wrong for any chapters? Note which ones. In using this
review book, you don’t need to spend as much time with a chapter with which you are very
familiar as you do with a chapter that puzzles you. If you found yourself saying “Huh?” or
felt “clueless,” spend more time learning the material in that chapter. I hope that you are
not reading this for the first time at the beginning of May, but have left yourself time to
learn information in this book.