Explanations to Exercises

1. Nouns and Pronouns Exercise

QR In Q, the noun “Shetland pony” is spelled out. In R, it’s contracted to “pony,” so R must follow Q.

Logically, Q indicates that the Shetland pony is protected, and R explains why.

2.

RQ In R, “Pictish stones” is the subject, whereas in Q it’s referred to as “these standing stones.” Q must

therefore follow R. Logically, R makes a general statement about Pictish stones, while Q narrows

the scope of the discussion to focus on the carvings on them.

3.

RQ In Q, “they” is ambiguous—it must refer to “earth’s fossil fuels” from sentence R. Q must therefore

follow R. Logically, R introduces the topic of fossil fuels, and Q provides more detail on how long

they will last.

4.