Overview

On the SHSAT, arithmetic means more than addition and subtraction. Arithmetic is the umbrella term for a wide range of math
concepts, including number properties, factors, divisibility, fractions, decimals, exponents, radicals, percents, averages, ratios,
proportions, rates, and probability. These concepts are summarized in items 1–51 in 100 Essential Math Concepts in the Resource
Section. This chapter will review these concepts and give you a chance to practice problems dealing with them.

First, take a look at a few definitions:

Number Type Definition Examples

Integers Integers are whole numbers, including 0 and

negative whole numbers.

−900, −3, 0, 1, 54

Fractions A fraction is a number that is written in the form

where A is the numerator and B is the

denominator.

An improper fraction is a number that is greater

than 1 (or less than −1) that is written in the form

of a fraction. Improper fractions can be converted

to a mixed number.

Positive/Negative Numbers greater than 0 are positive numbers;

numbers less than 0 are negative. The number 0 is

neither positive nor negative.

Positive:

Negative:

Even/Odd An even number is an integer that is a multiple of 2.

An odd number is an integer that is not a multiple

of 2.

Even numbers: −8, −2, 0, 4, 12, 188

Odd numbers: −17, −1, 3, 9, 457

Prime Number A prime number is an integer greater than 1 that

has no factors other than 1 and itself.

The number 2 is the only even prime number.

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 59, 83