112 | eureka Math algebra I Study guIde
● (^) logarithm If three numbers L, b, and x are related by xb= L, then L is the logarithm base b
of x, and we write Lx=log(b ). That is, the value of the expression logb(x) is the power of b
needed to be equivalent to x.
Valid values of b as a base for a logarithm are 0 <<b 1 and b> 1.
● (^) Series Let a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 ,... be a sequence of numbers. A sum of the form
aa 12 ++aa 3 ++ n
for some positive integer n is called a series, or finite series, and is denoted Sn. The ai’s are
called the terms of the series. The number that the series adds to is called the sum of the
series. Sometimes Sn is called the nth partial sum.
Module 4
● (^) Complement of an event The complement of an event, A, denoted by AC, is the event that
A does not occur.
● (^) Conditional Probability The probability of an event given that some other event occurs.
The conditional probability of A given B is denoted by PA(|B).
● (^) experiment An experiment is a study in which subjects are assigned to treatments for
the purpose of seeing what effect the treatments have on some response.
● (^) Hypothetical 1000 Table A hypothetical 1000 table is a two-way table that is constructed
using given probability information. It represents a hypothetical population of 1,000
individuals that is consistent with the given probability distribution and also allows
calculation of other probabilities of interest.
● (^) Independent events Two events A and B are independent if PA(|BP)(= A). This
implies that knowing that B has occurred does not change the probability that A has
occurred.
● (^) Intersection of Two events The intersection of two events A and B, denoted by ABÇ , is
the event that A and B both occur.
● (^) lurking Variable A lurking variable is one that causes two variables to have a high
relationship even though there is no real direct relationship between the two variables.
● (^) Margin of error The margin of error is the maximum likely error when data from a
sample are used to estimate a population characteristic, such as a population proportion
or a population mean.
● (^) Normal Distribution A normal distribution is a distribution that is bell shaped and
symmetric.
● (^) Observational Study An observational study is one in which the values of one or more
variables are observed with no attempt to affect the outcomes.
● (^) random Assignment Random assignment is the process of using a chance mechanism to
assign individuals to treatments in an experiment.
● (^) random Selection Random selection is the process of selecting individuals for a sample
using a chance mechanism that ensures that every individual in the population has the
same chance of being selected.