Leeward Islands 96
legends see myths and legends
legions 444
legumes 226
Lemaître, George 72
lemurs 217 , 330
length 560
Lenin, Vladimir 135, 492
Leningrad see St. Petersburg
lenses 237, 316 , 404, 517
Leonardo da Vinci 253, 313 ,
432, 456
Leonov, Aleksei 449
leopards 318, 319
Lepidoptera 85-86
Leptis Magna, Libya 379
Lesotho 474
letters of marque 408
Levassor, Emile 98
levers 328 , 456
Lewis, Meriwether 296, 314
Liberia 563
Liberty Bell 154
Libreville, Gabon 106
Libya 379, 380
lice 279, 280
lichens 411, 415
Liechtenstein 512
life 409, 422, 428
light 48, 51, 72, 132, 186, 201,
315 , 406, 456, 549
starlight 503, 504
light bulbs 177, 315, 418, 457
lighthouses 373, 572
lighting
movies 359
theater 521
lightning 181, 182, 223, 507
light-years 549
lignite 127, 232
Lilienthal, Otto 18
Lilliput 320
limestone 104, 231, 237, 287,
309, 441 , 442
Lincoln, Abraham 123 , 124,
317, 416
Lindbergh, Charles 18
lionfish 207
lions 23, 318
liquids 215, 251
Lisbon, Portugal 420
Lister, Joseph 339
literature 320—321
see also poetry; stories; theater
and drama
Lithuania 62, 190, 191
Little Women 321
liver 161, 263
Liverpool, England 468
liverworts 356 , 411
Livingstone, David 200
lizards 159, 162, 217, 322-323,
436 , 437, 465
llamas 267
Llasa, Tibet 115
Lloyds building 536
lobsters 148
local government 239
locks (on waterways) 419
locusts 279, 280, 350
lodestone 329
logging see timber
Loire River 220
London 151, 536, 537
buildings 33, 536 , 550
Globe Theatre 460, 520
plague 248
pubs 538
Tower of 378, 536
underground 527
Westminster Abbey 136
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth
579
Long March 333
longships 553
Lord’s Prayer 297
lotus flowers 227Louis XVI, king of France 224
Louisiana
law 311
see also New Orleans
Louisiana Purchase 296 , 547
L’Ouverture, Toussaint 467
Louvre gallery 219 , 313
Low Countries 324-325
see also Belgium; Netherlands
Lucy (hominin) 424
Lumière, Louis and Auguste
359
lungfish 326
lungs 263, 326
lupines 227
Lusitania 574
Luther, Martin 119, 429
Luxembourg 324, 325
Macao (Macau) 44, 116
macaque monkeys 353
MacArthur, Douglas 305
macaws 75
Macedonia
ancient 245
modern 489
machines 274, 275, 327-328,
514-515
Leonardo’s designs 313 , 456
see also farm machinery
Machu Picchu 267
Madagascar 217, 272
Madeira 420
Madison, James 144
Madrid, Spain 499
Mae, Vanessa 365
Magellan, Ferdinand 200
maggots 209
maglevs 527
magma 441, 554
Magna Carta 540
magnetism 215, 329 , 406
magnetic poles 93, 329
magnetic sense 26
magnetic storms 510
magnifying glasses 237, 316
magnitude (brightness) 504
Mahabharata 255
Maiman, Theodore 456, 457
malaria 106, 164, 209
Malawi 15
Malaysia 39, 40
Maldives 273
Mali 561
Malta 291
mambas 436
mammals 23, 24, 67, 159, 198,
330-331, 358
see also particular animals
Mammoth Cave National Park
104
mammoths, woolly 184, 197,
236, 423, 506
manatees 382
Manaus, Brazil 80
Mandela, Nelson 15, 264, 332
Mandela, Winnie 332
mangrove swamps 334
manors 340
manta rays 390
mantises 280
mantis shrimp 459
mantle 169
manufacturing 525
see also factories
manuscripts 578
Maori 375, 377
Mao Zedong 44, 135, 333
mapmaking 133, 146, 373, 451
marble 441, 442
Marbury v. Madison 312, 511
marching bands 365
Marconi, Guglielmo 426 , 457
Marianne 224
Maria Theresa, empress 247
marmosets 353
Marne-la-Vallée, France 33
Marquette, Jacques 131Mars 357, 409 , 410, 439
Marseilles, France 219
Marshall, Thurgood 511
marshes 309, 334 , 347, 356, 382
salt marshes 459
marsupials 330
martial arts 502
Martinique 95
Marx, Karl 135
Mary, mother of Jesus 119, 291,
430
Mary, Queen of Scots 185
Mary Celeste 50
Masai people 10, 173
Mashhad, Iran 283
mass 243
Mass, Christian 118, 119
Massif Central 219
mathematics 335 , 336, 386
Mauretania 561
Mausoleum of Halicarnassus
572
Maximilian, Holy Roman
Emperor 233
Maxwell, James Clerk 426
Maya 108, 336 , 383
Mayflower 131, 407
Mayon, Mount 484
Mazama, Mount 309
Mbeki, Thabo Mvuyelwa 238
measles 164
measures see weights and
measures
Mecca, Saudi Arabia 288, 361,
431
mechanics 406
Medici family 433
medicine and healing 337-339
African 11, 475
Chinese 116
drugs 167
herbs 212
history of 76, 179, 338-339
information technology 278
Red Cross 64
in Russian Federation 447
technology and 513, 580
medieval era see Middle Ages
Medina, Saudi Arabia 361
Mediterranean region 190, 191,
195, 290, 291, 403, 488-489
Melanesia 396
Melbourne, Australia 53, 55
melting point 251
Memorial Day 258
Mendeleyev, Dimitri 113
Mendel, Gregor 230
menstrual cycle 434, 435
mental health 248, 249, 339
mercury (chemical) 252, 342
Mercury (planet) 409 , 410
Merino sheep 202
“mermaid’s purses” 458
Meseta, Spain 499
Mesolithic Age 506
Mesopotamia 61, 83, 347, 509,
528, 568
cuneiform 20, 61, 83
mesosphere 51
Messiah, belief in 299
mestizos 108, 130
metal fatigue 342
metals 342 , 442
metalworking 83, 105, 342
metamorphic rocks 441
metamorphosis 85, 225, 280
meteorites 134 , 163, 170, 286,
287, 355
meteorologists 523, 588
meteors 51, 134
methane 228, 418
metric system 560
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 359
Mexican Revolution 256
Mexico 343-344, 381, 383
Border Patrol 266
Day of the Dead 256, 430early peoples 60 , 108, 141,
336 , 368, 383
Mexico City 60, 343 , 344, 383
Michelangelo Buonarroti 398 ,
401, 433
microchips 139, 183, 513
Micronesia 396
micro-organisms 164
microscopes 73
microscopic life 346 , 389
plants 412
Microsoft 139
mid-Atlantic ridge 49
Middle Ages 340-341, 398
Middle East 39, 40, 286, 347-
349 , 394
Midsummer Night’s Dream, A 460
Midway 396, 576
Midwest (USA) 523, 546
migration, animal 350 , 567
Milan, Italy 290, 292
military music 365
military technology 514
milk, mothers’ 331
milk snakes 470
milk teeth 515
Milky Way 549
millipedes 24
mills 275
see also windmills
Milton, John 321
mime 152
minarets 288
minerals 441-442, 472
Africa 106, 474, 490, 561
Asia 39, 483
Caucasus 103
Chile 478
Europe 59
Mexico 343
North America 91, 92
polar regions 27, 34
Spain 498
Ukraine 535
mining 13, 14, 34, 54, 58, 79,
80, 127, 232, 274
Minoan culture 83, 398, 401
Minsk, Belarus 62
mint (herb) 212, 337
mint (money factory) 240, 351
miracle plays 520
mirages 316
mirrors 316
in telescopes 517
Mir space station 449
missiles 440
missions, Spanish 256
Mississippi River 131, 382, 419
Missouri River 314
mistletoe 412
moats 99
mobile phones 281, 405, 516
moccasins 372
Moctezuma II, Aztec emperor
60, 141
Mogadishu, Somalia 172
Mogul empire 270
Mohenjo-daro 276
molars 515
mold 363
Moldova 486
molecules 52 , 251, 252, 413,
473
water 556
moles 472
molluscs 24, 391, 469
“Molly Pitchers” 22
moloch see thorny devil
Monaco 220
Mona Lisa 313
monarch butterflies 26, 384
monarchies 238
monasteries 340, 487
Zen Buddhist 294
Mondrian, Piet 399
Monet, Claude 399
money 240, 351Mongol Empire 43, 115, 200,
352
Mongolia 261
mongoose 159
monkeys 143, 217, 227, 334,
353-354
monks
Buddhist 43, 84, 115, 116
Christian 338, 364
Monnet, Jean 194
monocotyledons 227
monorails 527
monsoons 272, 569
Monte Carlo, Monaco 220
Montgolfier brothers 529
months 522
Monticello 296
Montreal Protocol 418
moon (Earth’s) 170, 243, 355,
387, 451, 522
missions to 46, 355, 494, 529
moons (planets) 355, 409, 451
moorhens 308
Moors 497
moose 381
moraines 236
moray eels 390
Morocco 379, 380
morpho butterflies 85, 86
Morrison, Toni 16
Morse code 426
Mosasaur 423
Moscow, Russia 446 , 493
mosques 87, 288, 379, 430, 561
mosquitoes 209 , 280
mosses 356 , 412, 415
Mother Teresa 119
moths 25, 85-86, 160, 198, 217,
280, 350
motion 215
motors, electric 182, 187
motte and bailey 100
Mott, Lucretia 468, 571
mountain ash 226, 530
mountains 51, 125, 145, 176,
357-358
Africa 106, 380, 474
Antarctica 28
Asia 39, 42, 43, 110, 111, 268,
294, 484
Australasia 54, 375, 376
Caucasus 103
Europe 59, 190, 193, 219,
222, 284, 290, 292, 452, 486,
487, 499, 512
North America 91, 344, 381
South America 36, 476
UK 538
underwater 49, 388
wildlife 358
see also volcanoes
Mount Vernon 555
movement, bodily 362
movies 53, 177, 359-360, 544,
579
Bollywood 270
cameras 89
Mozambique 490, 491
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 59,
137, 247, 367
mudskippers 206, 334
muezzins 288
Muhammad 288, 361 , 430, 431
mules 261
multimedia 277
Mumbai, India 269 , 270
mummies 179
Mururoa Atoll 377
muscles 78, 263, 362 , 395
of fish 206
mushrooms 363
music 136-137, 364-367, 473
blues 544
instruments 366—367
Latin 256588
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