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MIDDLE EASTERN FOODA typical Middle Eastern meal consists of pita bread, bulgur wheat, lentils, spiced meat—usually lamb or goat—fruit, and hummus made from chickpeas. Most Muslims do not drink alcohol, preferring water, mint tea, or coffee from Yemen, producer of some of the world’s finest coffee beans.

WATERMuch of the Middle East is covered with a hot desert. Water is scarce although there are some oases where animals can be watered and crops irrigated. On the coastline, desalination plants, such as this one in Oman, remove salt from seawater to make it suitable for domestic consumption and agriculture.

A WEALTH OF FISH

The Arabian Sea, south

of Yemen and Oman, is rich

in fish, providing a valuable

source of both income and food for local people. The fishermen use traditional sailboats equipped with outboard motors

for greater speed, landing large catches of sardines,

tuna, anchovies, cuttlefish, cod, and other fish.

The Qur’an, the book of sacred writings of Islam

ISLAMThe Islamic religion began

in the 7th century in the holy cities

of Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia. Minarets, the tall thin towers of mosques, dominate the skyline of every town and city

in the region. From these, devout

Muslims are summoned to pray five times a day. Muslims are

also required to make a Hajj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca (above) at least once in their lifetime.

Saudi Arabia is the

only country in the world to be named after its royal

family—the house

of Al Saud.

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The Middle East

US_082-083_the_middle_east_MAP.indd 83 16/02/17 2:58 pm