Tables 259Table A.5 Particle degrees of freedom in the ultrarelativistic limitParticle Particle type 푛spin 푛anti 푔훾 Vector boson 2 1 2휈e,휈휇,휈휏 Fermion (lepton) (^112274)
e−,휇−,휏− Fermion (lepton) (^2272)
휋±,휋^0 Boson (meson) 1 1 1
p, n Fermion (baryon) (^2272)
W±, Z Vector boson 3 1 3
(^1) 푛spin=2, but the right-handed neutrinos are inert below the electroweak
symmetry breaking.
(^2) 푛anti=1 if the neutrinos are their own antiparticles.
Table A.6 Present properties of the Universe
Unit Symbol Value
Age 푡 0 (13. 73 ± 0 .05)Gyr
Mass 푀푈 ≈ 1022 푀⊙
CMB radiation temperature 푇 0 2. 725 ± 0 .001 K
Cosmic neutrino temperature 푇휈 1. 949 ± 0 .001 K
Radiation energy density 휀푟, 0 2. 606 × 105 eV m−^3
Radiation density parameter 훺푟 2. 473 ×ℎ−^2 × 10 −^5
Entropy density 푠 2. 890 × 109 m−^3
CMB photon number density 푁훾 4. 11 × 108 photons m−^3
Cosmological constant |휆| 1. 3 × 10 −^52 푐^2 m−^2
Schwarzschild radius 푟푐,Universe ≳11 Gpc
Baryon to photon ratio 휂 ( 6. 06 ± 0. 08 )× 10 −^10
Vacuum density parameter 훺푘 − 0. 003 ± 0. 003
Baryon density parameter (for훺 0 =1) 훺푏 0. 052
Matter density parameter (for훺 0 =1) 훺푚 0. 286 ± 0. 008
Deceleration parameter 푞 0 − 0. 53 ± 0. 02
Number of neutrino families 푁휈 3. 30 ± 0. 27
Table A.7 Net baryon number change훥퐵and branching
fraction BR for leptoquark X decays
푖 Channel푖훥퐵푖 BR푖
1X→u+u −^23 푟
2X→e−+d +^131 −푟
3 X→u+u +^23 푟
4 X→e++d −^131 −푟
References
[1] Beringer, J.et al. 2012 Phys. Rev.D 86 , Part I, 010001.
[2] Longair, M. S. 1995The Deep Universe(ed.A.R.Sandage,R.G.Kron,andM.S.Longair),
pp. 317, Springer.