Laurentia 79, 95, 96, 102, 116,
283g
Laurentide ice sheet 261
Lawson Limestone, Florida
114
lichens 93, 107
life
evolution 37t
origin 12, 14,17–22
limestone 30, 63, 216 , 139 ,
227,283g
Little Powder River, Montana
153
liver flukes 51
liverworts 93, 107
lobed-finned fish 135
lobopods 110
loess 263, 264 , 283g
lunar cycle 60, 141
lungfish 136, 143, 283g
lycaenops 165, 158
lycopods 108, 146,147, 284g
extinction 147
Lystrosaurus 84, 165, 284g
M
Mackenzie Mountains, Canada
63
Madagascar 239
Maestrichian 230
magma 14, 284g
magma ocean 8
magnetic reversals 226t
Maiasaura 187
maidenhair 220
mammal-like r eptiles 157,
165–166,182, 235
mammals 228,232, 236 ,
235–241, 253, 260 ,269, 183
evolution of 235
jaws of 166, 235
marsupials 235, 239
monotremes 235, 239
origin of 180
placentals 235
teeth of 166, 180, 235
therian 235
triconodonts 235
warm-bloodedness 16
manatees 241
Manicouagan impact structure,
Canada 189
mantle 6, 284g
maria 11, 284g
marine mammals 241–242
Mars 16
dust storms on 15
Marshall Islands
Bikini Atoll 74
Saipan 89 , 106
marsupials 252, 284g
Maryland
Hancock 105
mass extinction 42, 54, 59, 69,
90,124, 131, 253, 212, 267
Massachusetts
Hyde Park 169
massive sulfide ore 57
Matterhorn 270
Mauritanide Mountains, Africa
168
Mediterranean Sea 254
Medullosa 134
medusa 73
megaherbivores 267–269,
284g
Mercury 11
Mesa Verde, Colorado 229
metazoans 47, 284g
meteorite impacts 6, 7, 10, 13,
133,231–233
microbial soils 106
microcrinoid 114microfilaments 27
microfossils 25, 284g
microraptor 198
microsaur 145
Mid Atlantic Ridge 210, 247,
253
Milky Way galaxy 3
Mimas 8
Mississippi River 267
mitochondria 30
mitosis 30
mixosaurs 163
mollusks 76, 77 , 96, 97, 130,
191,284g
molting 71
monkeys 241
monotremes 235, 284g
Mononykus 185
Montana
Glacier National Park 26
Little Powder River 153
Proter ozoic belt 61
Scapegoat Mountain 94
West Decker mine 150
Moon 6,10–12, 13 ,29
formation of 10, 11
influence on life 12
meteorite impacts 7
rocks from 10, 12
moraines 59, 271, 284g
Morrison Formation 202,
214
moschops 156
mosses 93, 107
Mount Adams,Washington
250
mountain building 94, 96,
119,167, 169, 174, 213, 214,
246–252
mountain ranges 155m
Mount Powell, Colorado
271Index