Visualizing Environmental Science

488 Visualizing Nutrition

New Zealand
North Island, 316f
ozone thinning over, 232t
protected lands in, 343f
Niches, 113–115
Nigeria
DDT-treated mosquito netting, 84f
gender discrimination in education,
177f
Lagos, 242, 242f–243f
oil extraction and health in, 36
population and population density of,
170t
Nile River, Egypt, 455, 455f
NIMBY (“not in my back yard”) response,
22
Nitrification, 110
Nitrogen cycle, 109–110, 109f
Nitrogen fixation, 110, 110f
Nitrogen oxides, 197, 235
Nomadic herding, 354, 354f
Nonmetallic minerals, 302
Nonmunicipal solid waste, 399, 399t
Nonpoint source pollution, 261, 261f, 262
Nonrenewable energy resources, 418–440.
See also Fossil fuels
coal, 122, 235, 237, 418, 419t, 421–423
natural gas, 423–430
nuclear, 22f, 430–438
oil, 13t, 290, 423–430, 439
Nonrenewable resources, 7
North America
Mount Mitchell, 423f
satellite view at night, 5f
tidal power in, 457
North American Association for Environ-
mental Education, 58
North Carolina
Great Smoky Mountain National Park,
65f
Hanging Rock State Park, 101f
Okracoke Harbor, Outer Banks, 146f
North Island, New Zealand, 316f
No-tillage, 314
Nuclear energy, 430–438, 430f
conventional nuclear fission, 431–432,
431f, 432f
decommissioning nuclear power
plants, 438
and fossil fuels, 432, 434
and nuclear weapons, 435
radioactive wastes from, 436–438
safety of nuclear power plants,
434–435
Nuclear fission, 431–432, 431f, 432f
Nuclear fusion, 431
Nuclear power plants, 22f
coal-fired plants vs., 433t
decommissioning, 438
safety of, 434–435
Nuclear reactors, 432, 433f
Nuclear Waste Policy Act (1982), 436–437

Nuclear weapons, 435

Nutrient cycling, 312, 312f

O

Obama, Barack, and administration, 339,

437

Ocean(s), 272–294

acidifying, 15f

addressing problems of, 291–292

and biogeochemical cycles, 108, 108f,

109, 109f, 111–113, 111f, 112f

and climate change, 227, 228f

Coriolis effect, 195f

dead zones, 293

human impacts on, 284–290

major life zones in, 278–283

ocean–atmosphere interaction,

276–278

patterns of circulation in, 274–276,

275f

threatened, 14f

Ocean–atmosphere interaction, 276–278

Ocean conveyor belt, 274–276, 275f

Ocean Dumping Ban Act, 288

Oceanic province, 278, 279f, 283, 283f

Ocean meridional circulation, 274

Ocean ranches, 287, 287f

Ogallala Aquifer, 249, 249f

Ohio

Cleveland, 61, 64f

Cuyahoga River fire, 61

Ohio Valley, 237

Oil, 423–430

consumption of, 13t

drilling on wildlife refuges, 439

environmental impacts of, 428–430

global supply of, 426f–427f, 428

offshore extraction of, 290, 290f

reserves of, 425–428, 426f–427f

Oil pollution, 15f

Oil Pollution Act (1990), 428

Oil spills, 428–430, 429f, 441, 441f

Okavango Delta, Botswana, 119f

Okracoke Harbor, Outer Banks, North

Carolina, 146f

Oligotrophic lakes, 260, 260f

Ontario, Canada

acid-rain-damaged buildings, 68f

E. coli outbreak in, 77

runoff before and after urbanization,

247t

Open dumps, 400

Open management (fishing), 286–287

Open-pit surface mining, 304, 304f

Open shrublands, 131f

Optimum amount of pollution, 67

Ore, 302

Oregon

Bonneville Dam, Columbia River, 255f

Crater Lake, 260f

Estracada, 134t

Portland, 184

Proxy Falls, Cascade Range, 221f

Organic agriculture, 361, 368, 368f, 368t

Organic foods, 368

Organic Food Production Act (1990), 368

Organisms

ecosystem interactions among,

116–122

soil, 311–312, 311f

value/importance of, 377

The Origin of Species by Means of Natural

Selection (Darwin), 147

Orlando Wetlands Park, Florida, 266f

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 68f

Otters, 282f

Our Common Future (U.N. World

Commission on Environment and

Development), 28

Overburden, 304

Overdrawing surface waters, 249–250

Overfishing, 272

Overgrazing, 334, 335

Overhunting, 385

Overnutrition, 350

Oxides, 302

Ozone, 198

in California, 204t

peak and average daily, 204t

Ozone layer, 193f

Ozone thinning, 15f, 231–233, 232f, 232t

causes of, 231

effects of, 231, 233

reversing, 233

P

Pacala, Stephen, 122

Pakistan, 170t, 176f

Palau, Micronesia, 146f

Pandemic disease, 80

Parasitism, 116, 117f, 118

Parent material, 309

Particulate matter, 196–197, 212t

Passive solar heating, 445, 445f

Pathogens, 78, 364

Pelagic environment, 279f

Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge,

Florida, 339f

Pennsylvania

Three Mile Island nuclear disaster,

434

Washington’s Landing, Herr’s Island,

Pittsburgh, 183f

York County, 355f

Permafrost, 132

Per person GNI PPP, 170

Persian Gulf oil spill, 430

Persistence (of substances), 83

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), 84,

84t, 191t

Peru, 144f

Pest control, 364–367