Human Anatomy Vol 1

Right internal
jugular vein
Right
subclavian
vetn
Right
brachiocephalic
vetn
Superior
vena cava

Ayzgos vein

Brachiocephalic

artery

Left internal

jugular vein

Left subclavian

veln

Left brachio-

cephalic vein

Left subclavian

artery

Left pulmonary

artery

Arch of ao(a

Pericardium

Pulmonary trunk

Ascending aorta

Right atrium

Fig. 17.5: Large vessels in relation to heart

THORAX

Mnemonics

Superior Mediastinum Contents: PVT Left

BATTTE

Phrenic nerve

Vagus nerve

Thoracic duct

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve (not the right)

Brachiocephalic veins

Aortic arch (and its 3 branches)

o Mediastinum is the middle space between the

It is chiefly occupied by the heart enclosed in

pericardium with blood vessels and nerves.

Unit structures in the superior mediasternum are

trachea, oesophagus, left recurrent larlmgeal nerve

between the two tubes and thoracic duct on the

left of the oesophagus.

A patient presents with lots of dilated veins in the

front of chest and anterior thoracic wall

o What is the reason for so many veins seen on

the anterior body wall?

o How does venous blood go back in circulation?

Ans: is appears to be a case of blockage of superior

veRa cava before the entry of vena azygos. The blor:d

needs to return to heart and it is done through

inferior vena cava. The backflow occurs:

thoracic veins -+ thoraco-epigastric veins -+

superficial epigastric ve -+ great saphenous veins

-+femoral veins -+ common iliac veins -+ erior

vena cava -+ right atrium of heart"

Many veins open up to assist the drainage

MUTTIPLE CHOICE AUESTIONS

4. Which one is not a content of superior media-
   stinum?
   a. Arch of aorta
   b. Lower half of superior vena cava
   c. Trachea
   d. Oesophagus


5. Which one is not a content of posterior media-
   stinum?
   a. Oesophagus
   b. Descending thoracic aorta
   c. Arch of vena azygos
   d. Vagus nerve

ANSWERS

Thymus

Trachea

lymph nodes

Esophagus

L. Boundaries of mediastinum are all except:

a. Sternum

c. Thoracic inlet

b. Cervical vertebrae

d. Diaphragm

2. Inferior mediastinum is divided into:
   a. Anterior mediastinum
   b. Middle mediastinum
   c. Posterior mediastinum
   d. Posteroinferior mediastinum
   Contents of middle mediastinum are all except:
   a. Heart with pericardium
   b. Pulmonary arteries
   c. Lower half of superior vena cava
   d. Bifurcation of trachea

1.b 2-d 3.d 4.b 5.c