The Muscular System 211
Occipitalis^
Sternocleidomastoid^
Trapezius^
Seventh cervical vertebra
Teres minor(^) Teres major
Triceps brachii^
Latissimus dorsi
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Deltoid^
Infraspinatus
Rhomboideus major
Extensors of the
hand and fingers
Iliotibial tract
Biceps femoris^
Semitendinosus Hamstrings
Semimembranosus
Calcaneal
(Achilles) tendon
Soleus
(^) ®
Learning
Cengage ©
Figure 9-7B The superficial muscles of the body (posterior
view).
like the cranial area of the skull. These muscles can be
better seen on a living human who is a bodybuilder or an
athlete. These individuals exercise regularly at a gym
developing their superficial muscles.
Muscles of Facial Expression
A number of muscles are involved in creating facial ex-
pressions and body language (Figure 9-8). Table 9-1 lists
the muscles and functions they perform. The occipitalis-
(ok-sip-ih-TAL-is) draws the scalp backward.
The frontalis (frohn-TAL-is) raises your eyebrows and
wrinkles the skin of your forehead. The zygomaticus
(zye-go-MAT-ick-us) muscles are involved in smiling and
laughing. The levator labii superioris (leh-VAY-ter
LAY-bee-eye soo-peer-ee-OR-is) raises your upper lip.
The levator labii superioris alaequae nasi (leh-VAY-ter
LAY-be-eye soo-peer-ee-OR-is ay-LEE-kwe NAY-si) also
raises the upper lip and dilates the nostril. The orbicularis
oris (or-BICK-you-lah-ris OR-is) closes your lips and the
buccinator (BUCK-sin-aye-tohr) compresses your cheek.
These two muscles are involved in puckering up to kiss.