Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology

252 Chapter 11 (^)
Introduction (^) See Concept Map 11-1: The Brain, Concept Map 11-2: (^)
This chapter is a continuation of the discussion of the nerv-
The Cranial Nerves, and Concept Map 11-3: The Auto- (^)
nomic Nervous System and Special Senses.
ous system that begins in Chapter 10. The brain is divided (^)
into four main parts. The brainstem controls breathing, The Principal Parts of The Brain (^)
heartbeat rates, and reactions to visual and auditory stimu- (^)
li. The diencephalon includes the thalamus and the hypo- The brain is one of the largest organs of the body - (^)
thalamus, which control many functions, including those (Figure 11-1). It weighs about 3 pounds in an average adult. (^)
related to homeostasis. The cerebrum controls intellectual It is divided into four major parts: (1) the brainstem, which (^)
processes and emotions, while the cerebellum maintains consists of three smaller areas, the medulla oblongata (^)
body posture and balance. The autonomic nervous system (meh-DULL-ah ob-long-GAH-tah), the pons varolii (PONZ (^)
controls all the involuntary functions of the body such as vah-ROH-lee-eye), and the midbrain; (2) the diencephalon, (^)
regulating our internal organs and controlling glands. The (dye-en-SEFF-ah-lon), consisting of the thalamus (THAL- (^)
special senses are part of the nervous system and include ah-muss) and the hypothalamus; (3) the cerebrum (seh- (^)
sight, hearing and balance, smell, and taste. REE-brum); and (4) the cerebellum (seh-ree-BELL-um). (^)
Brain
has a specific performs specific
Structure enables Functions
includes include
(^) Shock Coordination Muscular Temperature and Consciousness, (^)
(^) Cranial absorption, of muscular movements, pain recognition,^ heartbeat,^
Brain^ protects meninges^ circulation^ movements,^ emotions,^ homeostasis,^ breathing, visual^
of nutrients^ balance^ intelligence^ thirst center,^ and auditory^
sleep patterns^ responses^
includes include (^)
Brainstem: Diencephalon: -^ Cerebro^ -
medulla, (^) thalamus, Cere- Cere- (^) spinal
pons, (^) hypo- brum bellum (^) fluid
midbrain^ thalamus^
(^) allows (^)
(^) allows (^)
(^) controls (^)
®^
control
Learning^
(^)
(^) allow
Cengage^
(^)
©^
Concept Map 11- 1 The brain.