Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology

256 Chapter 11

Sulci

Convolutions of

cerebral hemisphere

(gyri)

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Midbrain^

Brainstem Pons

Medulla

(A)

Lateral view

Parietal lobe

Cerebrum

Occipital

lobe

Cerebellum

(^) ®
Learning
Cengage ©
e c^ h^
SensoryMotor
e^
S p^ Pain^
Heat
Emotions Touch (^)
Personality (^)
Morality (^)
Intellect (^)
Speech (^) Hearing Vision (^)
Smelling
Relays impulses^
Autonomic nervous control Controls blood pressure
Muscle tone
Equilibrium
Walking
Dancing
Maintains body temperature
Stimulates antidiuretic hormone
Assists with appetite regulation
Acts on intestines^
Role in emotions
Helps maintain wakefulness^
(B)
Eye reflexes
Conduct impulses
Breathing
Chewing
Taste
Heart
Lungs
Stomach

Anatomy of Blood Vessels

(^) ®
Learning
Cengage ©
Figure 11- 3 (A) The parts of the brain. (B) Areas of brain
function.

The Anatomy of the Nephrons.

Physiology of the Nephrons.

The diencephalon is superior to the midbrain and be-
tween the two cerebral hemispheres. It also surrounds the
third ventricle. It is divided into two main areas: the
thalamus and the hypothalamus. It also contains the
optic tracts and optic chiasma where optic nerves

cross each other; the infundibulum, which attaches to the

pituitary gland; the mamillary bodies, which are in-

volved in memory and emotional responses to odor; and the

pineal (PIN-ee-al) gland, which is part of the

epithalamus. The pineal gland is a pinecone-shaped

endocrine gland that secretes melatonin, which affects our

moods and behavior. This is discussed further in Chapter

12.