The Nervous System: The Brain, Cranial Nerves, Autonomic Nervous System, and the Special Senses (^261)
(^)
Table 11- 1 The Cranial Nerves (^)
Number Name Function (^)
I Olfactory Sensory: smell (^)
(^) II Optic Sensory: vision (^)
(^) III Oculomotor Motor: movement of the eyeball, regulation of the size of the pupil (^)
(^) IV Trochlear Motor: eye movements (^)
V Trigeminal Sensory: sensations of head and face, muscle sense (^)
Motor: mastication (^)
Note: divided into three branches: the ophthalmic branch, the maxillary (^)
branch, and the mandibular branch (^)
(^) VI Abducens Motor: movement of the eyeball, particularly abduction (^)
(^) VII Facial Sensory: taste (^)
Motor: facial expressions, secretions of saliva (^)
(^) VIII Vestibulocochlear Sensory: balance, hearing (^)
(^) Note: divided into two branches: the vestibular branch responsible for (^)
(^) balance and the cochlear branch responsible for hearing (^)
IX Glossopharyngeal Sensory: taste (^)
Motor: swallowing, secretion of saliva (^)
(^) X Vagus Sensory: sensation of organs supplied (^)
Motor: movement of organs supplied
®^
Note: supplies the head, pharynx, bronchus, esophagus, liver, and stomach^
Learning^
(^) XI Accessory Motor: shoulder movement, turning of head, voice production
Cengage^
(^) XII Hypoglossal Motor: tongue movements
©^
health Alert
Mental Alertness
Consistent mental activity leads to mental
alertness and a healthy brain. As children
grow, toys that require mental interaction,
thought, and choice help them develop
-mentally. Read-ing should become a well-
-developed habit throughout life. Crossword
puzzles, -novels, plays, and a good movie are
all activities that keep us mentally alert during
our free time and “exercise our brain.”^
Diet also plays a role in maintain-ing
good mental functions. Protein is an
The Sense of Smell
The sense of smell is also known as the olfactory (ol-
FAK-toh-ree) sense. Molecules in the air enter the nasal
cavity and become dissolved in the mucous epithelial lining
of the superior nasal conchae, the uppermost shelf area in
essential food for developing minds in young
children. Many of us have heard fish referred
to as “brain food.” Fish is an excel-lent source
of protein as are meats and poul-try. There are
also many plants that contain sources of
protein such as peanut, soybean, and wheat.
Peanut butter and jelly sand-wiches or tuna
fish sandwiches made with whole wheat bread
are excellent sources of protein in children’s
lunch boxes.
the nose (Figure 11-8A). Here they come in contact with
olfactory neurons modified to respond to odors. These
neurons are bipolar neurons. Their dendrites are found in
the epithelial surface of the uppermost shelf and con-tact
the olfactory receptor sites in the nose. The odor molecules
bind to these receptor sites. The olfactory
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