37.QuotedinE.S.Turner,AllHeaveninaRage,p.162.For
an explorationof theimplications of this remark that isa
valuable supplement
to the discussion here, see James Rachels, Created From
Animals: The Moral Implications of Darwinism (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1990).
38.CharlesDarwin,TheDescentofMan(London,1871),p.
39.Charles Darwin,The Descent of Man, p. 193.
40.SeeLewisGompertz,MoralInquiriesontheSituationof
Man and of Brutes (London, 1824); H. S. Salt, Animals’
Rights (London, 1892; new edition, Clark’s Summit
Pennsylvania, Society for Animal Rights, 1980) and other
works. I am indebted to Animals’ Rights for some of the
quotations in the following pages.
- Book 2, chapter 11; for the same idea, see Francis
Wayland, Elements of MoralScience (1835),reprint, J.L.
Blau,ed. (Cambridge:Harvard University Press, 1963), p.
364,perhapsthemostwidelyusedworkonmoralphilosophy
in nineteenth-century America. - Quoted by S. Godlovitch, “Utilities,” in Stanley and
RoslindGodlovitchandJohnHarris,eds.,Animals,Menand
Morals(New York: Taplinger, 1972).
43.Quoted in H. S. Salt,Animals’ Rights, p. 15.
44.BenjaminFranklin,Autobiography(NewYork:Modern
Library, 1950), p. 41.