Johnson, “Life, Death and Animals,” and Dale Jamieson,
“Killing Personsand Other Beings,”both inHarlan Miller
andWilliamWilliams,eds.,EthicsandAnimals(Clifton,N.
J.:HumanaPress,1983);Johnson’sessayhasbeenreprinted
in T. Regan and P. Singer, eds.,Animal Rights and
HumanObligations(EnglewoodCliffs,N.J.:PrenticeHall,
2ndedition,1989).SeealsoS.F.Sapontzis,Morals,Reason
and Animals, chapter 10. To understand the arguments
lurkingbehindtheentiredebate,however,theindispensable
(butnoteasy!)sourceisDerekParfit,ReasonsandPersons
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), part IV.
22.TheleadingdefenderofrightsforanimalsisTomRegan;
see his The Case for Animal Rights (Berkeley and Los
Angeles: University of California Press, 1983). I have
indicatedwhyIdifferin“UtilitarianismandVegetarianism,”
PhilosophyandPublicAffairs9:325–337(1980);“TenYears
ofAnimalLiberation,”TheNewYorkReviewofBooks,April
25, 1985; and “AnimalLiberation or AnimalRights,” The
Monist70:3–14(1987).Foradetailedargumentthatabeing
withoutacapacitytoseeitselfasexistingovertimecannot
have a right to life, see Michael Tooley, Abortion and
Infanticide(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983).
23.AdefenseofsuchapositionispresentedinR.M.Hare’s
forthcoming article, “Why I Am Only a Demi-vegetarian.”
24.BrigidBrophy,“InPursuitofaFantasy,”inStanleyand
RoslindGodlovitchandJohnHarris,eds.,Animals,Menand
Morals(New York: Taplinger, 1972), p. 132.
25.See ClevelandAmory,Man Kind? (NewYork:Harper
and Row, 1974), p. 237.