WILLIAMS AND LEBSOCK
assignments and sponsorship, bias against parents, and higher
intent to leave. The three most acute types of harassment (excluding
sexist remarks) were associated with reductions in income, demo-
tions, loss of clients and offi ce space, and removal from important
committees.
These patterns hold true beyond the legal profession. According
to a recent study by researchers at Oklahoma State University, the
University of Minnesota, and the University of Maine, women who
were sexually harassed were 6.5 times as likely to change jobs as
women who weren’t. “I quit, and I didn’t have a job. That’s it. I’m
outta here. I’ll eat rice and live in the dark if I have to,” remarked one
woman in the study.
Low- wage women, who often live paycheck to paycheck, and
women who are working in the U.S. illegally are the most vulner-
able. A survey of nearly 500 Chicago hotel housekeepers revealed
that 49% had encountered a guest who had exposed himself.
Janitors who work the graveyard shift and farmworkers have had
trouble defending themselves against predatory supervisors. And
restaurant workers experience it from three directions. A 2014
report aptly titled “The Glass Floor,” which shares the fi ndings of a
survey of 688 restaurant workers from 39 states, reveals that nearly
80% of the female workers had been harassed by colleagues. Nearly
80% had been harassed by customers, and 67% had been harassed
by managers— 52% of them on a weekly basis. Workers found cus-
tomer harassment especially vexing because they were loath to lose
crucial income from tips. Small wonder that almost 37% of sexual
harassment complaints fi led by women with the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission in 2011 came from the restaurant industry.
The stories fi nally becoming public further highlight how sexual
harassment subverts women’s careers: Ashley Judd and Mira Sor-
vino found acting jobs harder to get after they rebuff ed the vora-
cious Weinstein. After Gretchen Carlson complained of a hostile
work environment, she was assigned fewer hard- hitting interviews
on Fox & Friends and, according to her legal complaint, was cut from
her weekly appearances on the highly rated “Culture Warrior” seg-
ment of The O’Reilly Factor. Because word got out that Ninth Circuit