lMEDICINAL FORMS
There can be variation in the licensing of different medicines
containing the same drug.
Oral solution
▶Citric acid (Non-proprietary)
Citric acid monohydrate 6.25 mg per 1 mlSimple linctus paediatric
sugar free sugar-free| 2000 mlG£ 12. 90
Care Simple linctus paediatric sugar free sugar-free| 200 mlG
£ 1. 29 DT = £ 1. 29
Simple linctus paediatric| 200 mlG£ 1. 05 DT = £ 1. 05
Citric acid monohydrate 25 mg per 1 mlSimple linctus sugar free
sugar-free| 200 mlG£ 1. 25 DT = £ 0. 92 sugar-free|
2000 mlG£ 9. 20
Simple linctus| 200 mlG£ 0. 96 DT = £ 0. 93
Citric acid 100 mg per 1 mlCarbex oral solution 10 ml sachets|
10 sachetps
MENTHOL AND DERIVATIVES
Eucalyptus with menthol
lINDICATIONS AND DOSE
Aromatic inhalation for relief of nasal congestion
▶BY INHALATION
▶Child:Add one teaspoonful to a pint of hot,not
boiling, water and inhale the vapourlPRESCRIBING AND DISPENSING INFORMATIONWhen
prepared extemporaneously, the BP states Menthol and
Eucalyptus Inhalation, BP 1980 consists of racementhol or
levomenthol 2 g, eucalyptus oil 10 mL, light magnesium
carbonate 7 g, water to 100 mL.
Not recommended (applied as a rub or to pillows) for
infants under the age of 3 months.
lPROFESSION SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Dental practitioners’formulary
Menthol and Eucalyptus Inhalation BP, 1980 may be
prescribed.lMEDICINAL FORMS
There can be variation in the licensing of different medicines
containing the same drug.
Inhalation vapour
▶Eucalyptus with menthol (Non-proprietary)
Menthol 20 mg per 1 ml, Magnesium carbonate light 70 mg per
1 ml, Eucalyptus oil 100 microlitre per 1 mlMenthol and
Eucalyptus inhalation| 100 mlG£ 1. 38 – £ 1. 39 DT = £ 1. 38
RESINS
Benzoin tincture
(Friars’Balsam)
lINDICATIONS AND DOSE
Aromatic inhalation for relief of nasal congestion
▶BY INHALATION
▶Child:Add 5 mL to a pint of hot,notboiling, water and
inhale the vapour; repeat after 4 hours if necessarylSIDE-EFFECTSSkin sensitisation
lPRESCRIBING AND DISPENSING INFORMATIONNot
recommended (applied as a rub or to pillows) for infants
under 3 months.
When prepared extemporaneously, the BP states
Benzoin Tincture, Compound, BP consists of balsamic
acids approx. 4. 5 %.
lMEDICINAL FORMS
There can be variation in the licensing of different medicines
containing the same drug.
Liquid
CAUTIONARY AND ADVISORY LABELS 15
▶Benzoin tincture (Non-proprietary)
Balsamic acids 16.5 mg per 1 mlBenzoin tincture| 500 mlG
£ 9. 95 DT = £ 9. 955 Respiratory depression,
respiratory distress
syndrome and apnoea
Respiratory stimulants
Respiratory stimulants
Respiratory stimulants (analeptic drugs), such as caffeine
citrate p. 190 , reduce the frequency of neonatal apnoea, and
the need for mechanical ventilation during thefirst 7 days of
treatment. They are typically used in the management of
very preterm neonates, and continued until a corrected
gestational age of 34 to 35 weeks is reached (or longer if
necessary). They should only be given underexpert
supervisionin hospital; it is important to rule out any
underlying disorder, such as seizures, hypoglycaemia, or
infection, causing respiratory exhaustion before starting
treatment with a respiratory stimulant.Pulmonary surfactants
Pulmonary surfactants derived from animal lungs, beractant
below and poractant alfa p. 190 are used to prevent and treat
respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease) in
neonates and preterm neonates. Prophylactic use of a
pulmonary surfactant may reduce the need for mechanical
ventilation and is more effective than‘rescue treatment’in
preterm neonates of 29 weeks or less corrected gestational
age. Pulmonary surfactants may also be of benefitin
neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome or
intrapartum streptococcal infection. Pulmonary immaturity
with surfactant deficit is the commonest reason for
respiratory failure in the neonate, especially in those of less
than 30 weeks corrected gestational age. Betamethasone
p. 438 given to the mother (at least 12 hours but preferably
48 hours) before delivery substantially enhances pulmonary
maturity in the neonate.PULMONARY SURFACTANTS
Beractant
lINDICATIONS AND DOSE
Treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm
neonates, birth-weight over 700 g (specialist use only)
▶BY ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE
▶Preterm neonate: 100 mg/kg, preferably administer
within 8 hours of birth; dose may be repeated within
48 hours at intervals of at least 6 hours for up to 4 doses.Prophylaxis of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm
neonates (specialist use only)
▶BY ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE
▶Neonate up to 32 weeks corrected gestational
age: 100 mg/kg, preferably administer within 15 minutes
of birth; dose may be repeated within 48 hours at
intervals of at least 6 hours for up to 4 doses.
continued→BNFC 2018 – 2019 Respiratory depression, respiratory distress syndrome and apnoea 189
Respiratory system3