BNF for Children (BNFC) 2018-2019

IE

300 Infection

Chapters

Infection

CONTENTS

1 Amoebic infection page 300

2 Bacterial infection

2.1 Anthrax

2.2 Lyme disease

2.3 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2.4 Tuberculosis

2.5 Urinary tract infections

3 Fungal infection

3.1 Pneumocystis pneumonia

4 Helminth infection

5 Protozoa! infection

5.1 Leishmaniasis

1 Amoebic infection

Other drugs used for Amoebic infection Metronidazole,

p. 333 • Tinidazole, p. 335

ANTIPROTOZOALS

I Diloxanide furoate

• INDICATIONS AND DOSE
  Chronic amoebiasis I Acute amoebiasis as adjunct to
  metronidazole or tinidazole


• BY MOUTH
  , Child 1 month-11 years: 6.6 mg/kg 3 times a day for
  10 days
  , Child 12-17 years: 500 mg 3 times a day for 10 days


• UNLICENSED USE Not licensed for use in children under
  25 kg body-weight.

300

360

360

360

361

369

370

379

382

384

385

• SIDE-EFFECTS Abdominal cramps• appetite decreased•
  diarrhoea. dizziness. flatulence. headache. nausea. skin
  reactions. vomiting


• PREGNANCY Manufacturer advises avoid-no information
  available.


• BREAST FEEDING Manufacturer advises avoid.


• MEDICINAL FORMS
  There can be variation in the licensing of different medicines
  containing the same drug. Forms available from special-order
  manufacturers include: oral suspension, oral solution
  Tablet
  CAUTIONARY AND ADVISORY LABELS 9
  
  
  • Diloxanide furoate (Non-proprietary)
    Diloxanide furoate 500 mg Diloxanide 500mg tablets I
    30 tablet ~ £93.50
  
  
  
  

5.2 Malaria

5.3 Toxoplasmosis

6 Viral infection

6.1 Hepatitis

6.2 Hepatitis infections

6.2a Chronic hepatitis B

6.2b Chronic hepatitis C

6.3 Herpesvirus infections

6.3a Cytomegalovirus infections

6.4 HIV infection

6.5 Influenza

6.6 Respiratory syncytial virus

2 Bacterial infection

BNFC 2018-2019

page 386

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Antibacterials, principles of therapy

0H,tar-2017

Antibacterial drug choice

Before selecting an antibacterial the clinician must first

consider two factors-the patient and the known or likely

causative organism. Factors related to the patient which

must be considered include history of allergy, renal and

hepatic function, susceptibility to infection (i.e. whether

immunocompromised), ability to tolerate drugs by mouth,

severity of illness, ethnic origin, age, whether taking other

medication and, if female, whether pregnant, breast-feeding

or taking an oral contraceptive.

The known or likely organism and its antibacterial

sensitivity, in association with the above factors, will suggest

one or more antibacterials, the final choice depending on t he

microbiological, pharmacological, and toxicological

properties.

The principles involved in selection of an antibacterial

must allow for a number of variables including changing

renal and hepatic function, increasing bacterial resistance,

and information on side-effects. Duration of t herapy,

dosage, and route of administration depend on site, type and

severity of infection and response.

Antibacterial policies

Local policies often limit the antibacterials that may be used

to achieve reasonable economy consistent with adequate

cover, and to reduce the development of resistant organisms.

A policy may indicate a range of drugs for general use, and

permit other drugs only on the advice of the microbiologist

or paediatric infectious diseases specialist.

Antibacterials, considerations before starting

therapy

The following precepts should be considered before starting:

• Viral infections should not be treated with antibacterials.
  However, antibacterials may be used to treat secondary
  bacterial infection (e.g. bacterial pneumonia secondary to
  influenza);