just as 10BASE-T networks were becoming popular, and it isn’t much
more expensive than Cat3 cable. As a result, most 10BASE-T networks
use Cat5 UTP rather than Cat3. Cat5 cable uses RJ-45 plugs. Cat 5e
(which stands for Category 5 enhanced) cable is similar to basic Cat 5,
except that it fulfills higher standards of data transmission. While Cat 5
is common in existing cabling systems, Category 5e has almost entirely
replaced it in new installations. Cat 5e can handle data transfer at
1000Mbps, is suitable for Gigabit Ethernet, and experiences much lower
levels of near-end crosstalk (NEXT) than Cat 5.
Category 6 (Cat6)—Also rated at 1000Mbps, this cable is available in
two forms: stranded for short runs (25-meter runs, about 80 feet) and
solid for up to 100-meter runs (about 325 feet), though the solid form
should not be flexed.Fiber-Optic Cable
Fiber-optic cable (fiber) is usually orange or red in color. The transmission
rate is 100Mbps over a maximum length of 100 kilometers (62 miles). Fiber
uses a two-pronged plug to connect to devices. Fiber provides a couple of
advantages because it uses light rather than electricity to transmit signals: It is
immune to electromagnetic interference, and it is also more difficult to tap
into and eavesdrop.
Hubs and Switches
Hubs and switches are used to connect several hosts together in a star
architecture network. They can have any number of connections; the common
sizes are 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 connections (ports), and each port has a light that
comes on when a network connection is made (link light). Hubs and switches
enable you to expand your network easily; you can just add new hubs or
switches when you need to add new connections. Each unit can connect to the
other hubs or switches on the network, typically through a port on the hub or
switch called an uplink port. This means two hubs or switches, connected by
their uplink ports, can act as one hub or switch. Having a central location
where all the hosts on your network can connect allows for easier
troubleshooting of problems. If one host goes down, none of the other hosts
are affected (depending on the purpose of the downed host). Because hubs
and switches are not directly involved with the Linux operating system,
compatibility is not an issue.
If you are constructing a small to midsize network, it is important to consider