The carbonyl group is one of the most common functional groups in organic chemistry for two
reasons. First, the carbonyl is a component of many different functional groups. In addition to
aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl is found in carboxylic acids, esters, amides, anhydrides, and
several other compounds. More importantly, the carbonyl has the unique ability to behave as either
a nucleophile (as in condensation reactions) or an electrophile (as in nucleophilic addition
reactions). In this chapter, we will investigate the overall properties of aldehydes and ketones, as
well as their oxidation–reduction reactions and electrophilic properties. In the following chapter, we
will investigate their nucleophilic properties through enolate chemistry.
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