absorption, and nuclear spin transitions. Different types of spectroscopy measure different types of
molecular properties, allowing us to identify the presence of specific functional groups and to
detect the connectivity (backbone) of a molecule.
In a medical context, spectroscopy is important in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI scanners
actually measure ^1 H–NMR spectra of water molecules in different environments in the body. They
then convert these signals into greyscale, allowing excellent visualization of the body, especially soft
tissue.
One of the big advantages of laboratory spectroscopy is that only a small quantity of a sample is
needed. Also, the sample may be reused after a test is performed. The downside of spectroscopy is
that it’s difficult to do without special equipment—but as long as you have a chemistry lab available,
these are some of the best techniques to identify compounds.