MCAT Organic Chemistry Review 2018-2019

CH 4 Methane No alternative structures

C 2 H 6 Ethane No   alternative structures

C 3 H 8 Propane No  alternative structures

C 4 H 10 Butane See below

C 5 H 12 Pentane See    below

C 6 H 14 Hexane See below

C 7 H 16 Heptane See    below

C 8 H 18 Octane See below

C 9 H 20 Nonane See below

C 10 H 22 Decane See    below

Butane  and all hydrocarbons    that    are larger  than    butane  may have    a   branched    appearance,

which   shortens    the parent  chain.  An  example is  isobutane,  properly    named   methylpropane,

shown   here.   Any branched    hydrocarbon with    the correct number  of  carbons and no  multiple

bonds   or  rings   is  correct.

The alcohol would   take    precedence  because the carbon  to  which   it  is  attached    has a   higher

oxidation   state.

Diols   are alcohols    with    two hydroxyl    groups. For geminal diols,  these   are on  the same    carbon.

For vicinal diols,  they    are in  the vicinity    of  one another—on  adjacent    carbons.

Isopropyl   alcohol and ethyl   alcohol,    respectively.

1.3