SPECIFIC SYNDROMES
Alcohol: fetal alcohol syndrome—IUGR, midfacial hypoplasia,
developmental delay, short palpebral fissures, long philtrum, multiple joint
anomalies, cardiac defects
Diethylstilbestrol: DES syndrome—T-shaped uterus, vaginal adenosis
(with predisposition to vaginal clear cell carcinoma), cervical hood,
incompetent cervix, preterm delivery
Dilantin: fetal hydantoin syndrome—IUGR, craniofacial dysmorphism
(epicanthal folds, depressed nasal bridge, oral clefts), intellectual disability,
microcephaly, nail hypoplasia, heart defects
Isotretinoin (Accutane): congenital deafness, microtia, CNS defects,
congenital heart defects
Lithium: Ebstein’s anomaly (right heart defect)
Streptomycin: VIII nerve damage, hearing loss
Tetracycline: after fourth month, deciduous teeth discoloration
Thalidomide: phocomelia, limb reduction defects, ear/nasal anomalies,
cardiac defects, pyloric or duodenal stenosis
Trimethadione: facial dysmorphism (short upturned nose, slanted
eyebrows), cardiac defects, IUGR, intellectual disability
Valproic acid: neural tube defects (spina bifida), cleft lip, renal defects
Warfarin: chondrodysplasia (stippled epiphysis), microcephaly, intellectual
disability, optic atrophy