210 Handbook of herbs and spices
and 16.1% turmerone as major compounds (Pino et al. 2003). Turmeric rhizomes
from Gorakhpur region (North India) was reported to contain 1.6% oil and ar-turmerone,
ar-turmerol, b-bisabolene and zingiberene as chief components (Singh et al. 2003).
Rhizome oil extracted by the solid phase microextraction method contained ar-
curcumene, ar-turmerone, zingiberene, b-sesquiphellandrene, sabinene, 1,8-cineole
and 1,4-terpineol as major components (Mata et al. 2004). The rhizome oil of Curcuma
Table 11.18 Chemical composition (%) of essential oils of rhizome, leaves and flowers of Curcuma
longa L. from Reunion Island (HP-5 column)
Compounds Rhizomes Leaves Flowers
Tricyclene – 0.1 0.1
a-Pinene 0.2 0.7 –
a-Fenchene – 0.1 0.8
Sabinine – 0.1 0.1
b-Pinene – 0.7 0.6
Myrcene 0.3 1.4 2.1
d-2-Carene – 0.1 0.2
a-Phellandrene 1.0 2.8 3.6
d-3-Carene 0.3 1.2 1.7
a-Terpinene 1.4 3.7 4.4
p-Cymene 0.6 0.3 0.4
Limonene – – 0.4
1,8-Cineole 2.0 4.6 4.6
(Z)-b-Ocimene – 0.4 0.8
(E)-b-Ocimene – 0.7 1.8
g-Terpinene – 0.4 0.8
p-Cymenene 0.4 – –
Terpinolene 15.8 76.8 67.4
Linalool – 0.7 0.5
p-Mentha-1,3,8-triene – 0.2 0.3
p-Cymen-7-ol – – 0.2
Terpinen-4-ol 0.2 – –
p-Cymen-8-ol – 0.2 0.3
a-Terpineol – 0.3 0.3
2-Undecanone – – 0.2
Geranyl acetate – – 0.1
Cis-a-bergamotene 0.3 – –
b-Caryophyllene 5.7 0.1 0.2
a-Humulene 1.4 – –
(E)-b-Farnesene 0.6 0.1 0.1
ar-Curcumene 4.5 0.1 0.1
Zingiberene 11.8 1.0 1.3
b-Bisabolene 1.9 0.1 0.2
b-Sesquiphellandrene 8.8 0.4 0.5
(E)-g-Bisabolene 0.7 – –
(E)-Nerolidol 0.2 0.1 0.2
ar-Turmerol 0.3 – –
ar-Dehydro-turmerone 0.6 – –
ar-Turmerone 7.7 – –
a-Turmerone 21.4 – –
b-Turmerone 7.1 – –
(Z)-g-Atlantone – 0.1 0.9
Germacrone – 0.1 0.1
Curcuphenol 0.2 – –
Source: Chane-Ming et al. (2002).