B
BONESET (Eupatorium perfoliatum L.) ++Activities (Boneset) — Antibacterial (1; APA); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; PH2; PNC); Antiperi-
odic (f; EFS); Antipyretic (f; APA; EFS; PED; PNC); Antispasmodic (1; WAM); Antitumor (1;
APA); Antitussive (1; WAM); Antiviral (f; APA); Aperient (f; CAN; CRC); Astringent (1; PH2);
Bitter (f; PED; PHR; PH2); Choleretic (f; APA); Cytotoxic (1; HHB; PNC); Diaphoretic (1; APA;
CAN; CEB; CRC; PNC; WAM); Diuretic (1; APA); Emetic (f; CRC; EFS); Expectorant (f; EFS;
PED, PNC); Hemostat (f; APA; CRC; EFS); Hepatoprotective (f; APA); Immunostimulant (1; APA;
FAD; PHR; PH2); Laxative (f; APA; CRC; PED, PNC); Nervine (f; CRC; EFS); Peristaltic (f;
PED); Phagocytotic (1; APA; PNC; PHR; PH2); Stimulant (f; CEB; CRC; EFS; PED); Tonic (f;
DEM; EFS; PNC).
Indications (Boneset) — Anorexia (1; APA; WAM); Arthrosis (1; APA; MIC); Backache (f; CEB);
Bacteria (1; APA); Biliousness (f; APA; DEM); Bleeding (f; APA; CRC; EFS); Bronchosis (1;
CAN); Bruise (f; PED); Cancer (1; APA; HHB; JLH); Catarrh (1; CAN; CEB; PH2); Chill (f; CEB;
DEM); Cold (1; APA; FAD; WAM); Constipation (f; APA; PED; PNC); Cough (1; WAM); Cramp
(1; WAM); Debility (f; DEM); Dengue (1; APA); Dermatosis (1; CEB; PNC); Dropsy (f; CEB);
Dysmenorrhea (f; DEM); Dyspepsia (f; APA); Fever (1; APA; CAN; CEB; CRC; DEM; EFS; PED;
PH2; PNC; WAM); Flu (1; APA; CAN; PH2; WAM); Fracture (f; DEM; PED); Gastrosis (f; CEB;
MIC); Gonorrhea (f; DEM); Gout (1; FAD); Headache (f; DEM); Hematemesis (f; DEM); Hem-
orrhoid (f; DEM); Immunodepression (1; APA; FAD; PHR; PH2; PNC); Indigestion (f; PED);
Infection (1; CEB); Inflammation (1; APA; PED; PH2; PNC); Insomnia (f; EFS; MIC); Malaria
(f; CEB; EFS; FAD); Myalgia (f; FAD); Nephrosis (f; DEM); Osteosis (f; DEM); Pain (f; APA;
MIC; PED); Pharyngosis (1; CAN); Pleurisy (1; FAD); Pneumonia (1; CEB; FAD); Rheumatism
(1; APA; DEM; FAD); Snakebite (f; DEM); Sore Throat (f; DEM); Stomachache (f; DEM); Tumor
(1; APA; FAD); Typhoid (f; APA; CEB; DEM); Ulcer (f; MIC); Urethrosis (1; PED); Virus (f;
APA); Water Retention (1; APA).
Dosages (Boneset) — 1–2 tsp chopped leaf/cup water, up to 3 ×/day; 0.5–1 tsp up to 3 ×/day
(APA); 1–2 g as tea, 3 ×/day (CAN); 2–4 tsp fresh herb (PED); 1–2 g dry herb (PED); 1.5 g dry
herb: 7 ml alcohol/8 ml water (PED); 0.5–1 g powdered herb (PNC); 2–4 ml liquid herb extract
(PNC); 0.3–0.5 g solid herb extract (PNC); 1–2 ml liquid extract (1:1 in 25% alcohol) 3 ×/day
(CAN); 1–4 ml tincture (1:5 in 45% alcohol) 3 ×/day (CAN).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Boneset) — Class 4. Large doses are
laxative and emetic (AHP). Classified as a drug, which must normally be registered as a
pharmaceutical (AEH). Sesquiterpene lactones are cytotoxic and can cause dermatosis (CAN).
Because of the cytotoxic constituents in this and related species, its use in pregnancy and
lactation is to be avoided (CAN). Do not use during pregnancy (WAM). Should not be used
by children under 1 year of age (WAM). Not for use more than 7 days (WAM). May cause
diarrhea or nausea in large doses (WAM). In the book Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs (De
Smet et al., 1993), we read that all Eupatorium species containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids are,
in principle, hazardous for mankind. “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper
therapeutic dosages” (PH2).
Extracts (Boneset) — Immunostimulant activity has been established in vitro for sesquiterpene
lactone and polysaccharide components (CAN). Heteroxylan polysaccharides immunostimulant
(PHR). Extracts weakly antiinflammatory in rats (PNC).