P
Dosages (Passionflower) — 1–2 tbsp flower/day (PED); 1 tsp dry flower/cup water up to 3 ×/day
(APA); 0.5–1 tsp flower tincture to 3 ×/day (APA); 2–4 ml flower tincture/day (SKY); 150–300
mg solid leaf extract (APA); 0.5–1 ml liquid leaf extract (PNC); 0.5–2 ml shoot tincture (1:8 in
45% ethanol) (HH2); 4–8 g dry herb (HH2; KOM; SHT); 1–3 g dry herb/day (PED); 0.25–2.5
g herb, or in tea, 2–3 ×/day (CAN; SKY); 1 tsp herb/cup tea 2–3 ×/day (PH2); 20 g herb/200
ml water for hemorrhoid wash (PH2); 0.5–1.0 ml liquid herbal extract (1:1 in 25% ethanol) 3
×/day (CAN); 0.5–2.0 ml herbal tincture (1:8 in 45% ethanol) 3 ×/day (CAN); StX = 0.8% total
flavonoids (SKY).Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Passionflower) — Class 1 (AHP). None
known or reported (KOM; PIP; PH2; WAM). Large doses may result in CNS depression (LRNP,
May 1989). The same precautions suggested for MAOIs might be indicated here. Excessive doses
may potentiate MAOI therapy (CAN). Because of harman and harmaline (uterine stimulants), its
use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided (CAN). One report on humans detailed hypnotic
sedative effects, but there were hints of hepatotoxicity and pancreatoxicity. “Content of harman
alkaloids ... must not exceed 0.01 percent” (KOM). Animal studies suggest motility inhibition
(PHR). LD50 unspecified extracts = 3000–15,000 mg/kg; toxic dose ipr 500–900 mg/kg alcoholic
and dry extracts (HH2). LD50 maltol 820 mg/kg scu mouse (HH2).Extracts (Passionflower) — TD = >900 mg/kg ipr mouse (CAN). Extracts, oral or peritoneal,
reduce spontaneous locomotor activity in mice and prolong their sleep (SHT). Flavonoids, more
than alkaloids, may contribute to antianxiety and relaxing effects (PED). Harmala alkaloids produce
drowsiness, inhibit the enzyme MAO, and relieve smooth muscle cramps. Apigenin is well known
as an antiinflammatory and antispasmodic sedative (PNC). Hamane alkaloids are CNS- stimulant
at doses of 3–6 mg/human, but hallucinogenic and toxic at 500–600 mg (HH2). But the presence
of harmine-type alkaloids is questionable (HH2; PH2). Passicol inhibits many bacteria, molds and
yeast, group A hemolytic streptococci more so than Staphylococcus aureus, with Candida albicans
intermediate (CAN).Synergy Quote (Passionflower) — The alkaloids are relatively inactive by themselves, but show
the narcotic and sedative effects when the crude extract with both alkaloids and flavonoids is
used (PED).PATCHOULI (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.) +Synonym: Mentha cablin Blanco.IHB data apply to closely related P. heyneanus, which like P. patchouli, is treated as synonymous
in PNC. I have listed the activities for all three below, while maintaining the chemical (perfume)
reports individualized.Activities (Patchouli) — Antibacterial (1; WOI); Antiseptic (1; EFS; WOI); Carminative (f; WOI);
Cytotoxic (1; PM64:464); Diuretic (f; WOI); Fungicide (f; ABS); Hirudifuge (f; WOI); Insectifuge
(1; WOI); Irritant (1; WOI); Sternutator (f; IHB).Indications (Patchouli) — Asthma (f; IHB; SKJ; WOI); Bacteria (1; WOI); Biliousness (f; IHB);
Boil (f; IHB); Cold (f; DAA); Colic (f; DAA); Cough (f; IHB); Diarrhea (f; DAA); Dropsy (f;
IHB; WOI); Dysmenorrhea (f; WOI); Escherichia (1; WOI); Fever (f; IHB); Fungus (1; ABS);
Halitosis (f; DAA); Headache (f; DAA; IHB); Infection (f; ABS; EFS; WOI); Jaundice (f; IHB);
Mycosis (f; ABS); Pain (f; DAA); Rheumatism (f; IHB; WOI); Smallpox (f; IHB); Staphylococcus
(1; WOI); Streptococcus (1; WOI); Tuberculosis (1; WOI).