Essentials of Ecology

xii

10-4 How Should We Manage and Sustain Parks

and Nature Reserves? 234

CASE STUDY Stresses on U.S. Public Parks 234

SCIENCE FOCUS Effects of Reintroducing the

Gray Wolf to Yellowstone National Park 235

CASE STUDY Costa Rica—A Global Conservation

Leader 237

CASE STUDY Controversy over Wilderness Protection

in the United States 238

10-5 What Is the Ecosystem Approach to

Sustaining Biodiversity? 239

CASE STUDY A Biodiversity Hotspot

in East Africa 240

SCIENCE FOCUS Ecological Restoration of a Tropical

Dry Forest in Costa Rica 242

CASE STUDY The Blackfoot Challenge—Reconciliation

Ecology in Action 244

REVISITING Yellowstone Wolves and

Sustainability 245

11 Sustaining Aquatic

Biodiversity 249

CORE CASE STUDY A Biological Roller Coaster Ride

in Lake Victoria 249

KEY QUESTIONS AND CONCEPTS 250

11-1 What Are the Major Threats to Aquatic

Biodiversity? 250

SCIENCE FOCUS How Carp Have Muddied

Some Waters 253

SCIENCE FOCUS Sustaining Ecosystem Services

by Protecting and Restoring Mangroves 255

CASE STUDY Industrial Fish Harvesting

Methods 256

11-2 How Can We Protect and Sustain Marine

Biodiversity? 257

CASE STUDY Protecting Whales: A Success

Story... So Far 257

CASE STUDY Holding Out Hope for Marine

Turtles 259

INDIVIDUALS MATTER Creating an Artificial Coral

Reef in Israel 261

11-3 How Should We Manage and Sustain

Marine Fisheries? 263

Photo 11 Roof garden in Wales, Machynlleth (UK)

Martin Bond/Peter Arnold, Inc.

Photo 12 Photochemical smog in Mexico City, Mexico

Mark Edwards/Peter Arnold, Inc.