ffirs.indd

(Brent) #1

29





    • = x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ( ) % < > + - = x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ( )
      % < > + - = x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ( ) % < > + - = x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
      ( ) % < > + - = x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ( ) % < > + - = x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
      9 ( ) % < > + - = x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ( ) % < > + - = x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
      8 9 ( ) % < > + - = x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ( ) % < > + - = x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
      7 8 9 ( ) % < > + - = x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ( ) % < > + - = x 0 1 2 3 4 5
      6 7 8 9 ( ) % < > + - = x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ( ) % < > + - = x 0 1 2 3
      Until now, we have multiplied numbers that were both below the
      reference number or both above the reference number. How do we
      multiply numbers when one number is above the reference number
      and the other is below the reference number?
      NUMBERS ABOVE AND BELOW
      We will see how this works by multiplying 97 × 125. We will use
      100 as our reference number:
      100 97 × 125 =
      Ninety-seven is below the reference number, 100, so we put the
      circle below. How much below? Th ree, so we write 3 in the circle.
      One hundred and twenty-fi ve is above, so we put the circle above.
      How much above? Twenty-fi ve, so we write 25 in the circle above.
      MMULTIPLYING ULTIPLYING AABOVE BOVE
      && BELOW THE BELOW THE
      RREFERENCE NUMBEREFERENCE NUMBER
      CChapter 4hapter 4



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